vasc final exam review questions

1

Common Iliac artery

2

internal iliac artery

3

internal iliac vein

4

common femoral artery

5

proximal femoral artery

7

long saphenous vein

8

femoral artery

10

popliteal artery

11

anterior tibial artery

12

posterior tibial artery

21

plantar veins

15

common iliac vein

16

common femoral vein

17

pfv

18

femoral vein

23

popliteal vein

what is the purpose of valsalva maneuver

to test efficiency of valves

what causes varicose veins

incompetent valves, increased pressure in superficial system

what is augmentation used for

to force a bolus of blood quickly up venous tree

what does a good augmentation response prove

lack of obstruction between the probe and area of squeeze

continuous, non-phasic flow in the common femoral vein when compressions did not reveal a DVT points to

DVT in ipsilateral iliac vein

if iliacs are not seen due to pt body habitus, gas, etc, how could you expand the test

examine IVC below liver for phasicity

aortic flow above renal arteries

low resistant, medium pulsatility

aortic flow at infrarenal portion and iliacs

high resistant, higher pulsatility

while exercise what kind of flow would aorta and distal iliacs have

low resistant flow

fasting state in SMA will show what kind of pattern

high resistant, low diastolic

post prandial flow in SMA would show what pattern

low resistant flow, high diastolic

renal flow is normally

low resistance

the upper limits of normal PSV in main renal artery is

< 180cm/s

what is the formula for RI

PSV-EDV / PSV

what is the normal range for renal RI

0.4-0.7

what is the acceptable renal artery to aorta ratio

< 3.5

what indicates a hemodynamically significant MRA stenosis

intrarenal tardus parvus waveform

what is the most common cause of renal artery stenosis

atherosclerosis

emboli or insitu thrombus causes what condition in the kidney

infarct

a malformation that causes arterial pulsations within renal venous tree is called

arterial venous fistula

how much flow does the portal vein supply to the liver

70%

normal blood flow velocity of the ______ is 13-23cm/s with an average of 18cm/s

portal vein

the normal PSV in hepatic artery of a fasting adult is

30-40cm/s

the normal EDV in hepatic artery of fasting adult is

10-15cm/s

is this a normal waveform seen in hepatic veins

yes

what does this waveform represent

non-phasic continuous flow

which one represents an incompetent valsalva

right

what does this represent

augmentation

what does A represent in this photo

posterior tibial veins

what does B represent in this image

peroneal veins

what category of thrombus is this

subacute

when the intimal wall pulls away from the muscular wall in an artery this indicates a

dissection

what is Paget-Schroetter syndrome associated with

strenuous upper body exercise or repetitive movements

what can be a cause of upper extremity DVTs

VADs

what are 3 uses for VADs

• chemotherapy

• nutritition

• other meds

when is lymphedema in the arm most commonly seen

following mastectomy with removal of lymph nodes in the axilla

does right replaced hepatic artery or left replaced hepatic artery occur more commonly

right replaced

what artery does RRHA arise from

SMA

RRHA passes ______ to the portal vein

posterior

what is the size of the normal splenic vein

< 10mm

what is the term sinistral used for

left-sided splenic vein thrombosis

what is a sonographic sign useful in determining if a DVT is chronic

presence of collaterals

what is the sonographic appearance of a chronic clot

• hyperechoic, calcified, thickened walls, atrophic vessel

if a D-dimer assay is negative does that mean there is unlikely a DVT

yes

what is primary varicose veins

incompetent SFJ valve

what is secondary varicose veins

history of DVT/occlusion or incompetent deep venous valves

what increases the risk of DVT

bowel disease (ulcerative colitis)

what can also increase risk of DVT

• pregnancy

• post partum period

• OC

• cancer

what does ABI stand for

ankle-brachial index

is ABI reliable for documenting the presence of lower extremity arterial diseae

YES

what is an ABI > 0.9 indicative of

hemodynamically significant stenosis

a major cellular component of blood is

erythrocyte

auscultatory consequence of turbulent flow

bruit

hemodynamics definition

• physical principles concerned with the study of blood circulation

• fluid system produces hydrostatic pressure

what type of flow exhibits a constant velocity across a vessel

plug flow

microcirculation consists of

arterioles, capillaries, venules

which portion of circulatory system exchanges vital nutrients with tissue cells

capillaries

what will remove aliasing

decrease depth of sample volume

when does a positive doppler shift occur

received frequency is higher than transmitted frequency

if received and transmitted frequencies are identical what happens

no doppler shift

what is a major advantage of continuous wave doppler

ability to measure high velocities

what is required for blood flow to occur

pressure gradient

speed at which blood travels through a vessel is dependent on

left ventricular output

noise in doppler signal is known as

clutter

the nyquist limit is equal to

½ of PRF

what converts doppler shift information into visual spectral display

fast fourier transformation

what overcomes aliasing

• increase PRF

• increase doppler angle

• adjust baseline lower

resistance to blood flow is proportional to the

length of vessel

what is the simplest form of doppler

continuous wave

colour doppler frequency shifts are obtained using

autocorrelation

power doppler imaging displays the signals

amplitude

smaller arteries commonly demonstrate ___ flow

laminar