APUSH 3.3: Taxation without Representation

how were the British planning on gaining tighter control over its colonies?

Creating a series of policies

Who was George Grenville? What did he do?

He was appointment as prime minister by King George; He enforced existing laws that colonists had previously ignored due to salutary neglect

What were the Navigation acts? Whom appointed them?

It forced colonies to trade only with Great Britain, and taxed goods passing through British Ports

What was the second thing Grenville did?

Continued wartime policies in peacetime like the quartering act

Why did British soldiers continue to stay in American areas after the war?

To reinforce the laws like the navigation act

What was the quartering act?

Where American colonists must house and take care of British soldiers

What was the third thing Grenville did? (imperial policies-wise)

Enact new policies and taxes to pay for the British's war debt

What was the Sugar act? When was it established?

(1764) It decreased taxes on imported goods (like molasses), but it caused the British to crack down on colonial smuggling operations

What was the currency act? When was it established? Why?

(1764) It required the colonies to use British currency (colonies could no longer print their own money) as it benefited British merchants, though colonial merchants suffered economic hardship

What was the stamp act? When was it established?

(1765) it was a tax on paper items like newspapers, diplomas, playing cards, etc.

What was the first direct tax levied on the colonies?

Stamp act

Why were the colonists pissed with the Stamp act when it passed?

Because man of them already experienced economic hardships from the currency and sugar acts

Why did colonists believe no taxation w/o representation?

They developed habits of self-rule over time, thus colonists believed that representation must be local

What does representation must be local mean?

That colonies had representative bodies that created local laws made up of people from the colony

What also was a massive influence the colonists were under?

enlightenment values

Were there members of parliament that were colonists?

nope

What is a british subject

a colonist, typically located in america

When did Grenville argue when colonists said “no taxation w/o representation”

That colonists had virtual representation—that parliament represented the interest of all british subjects, whether on the mainland or abroad in a colony.

What was the colonial resistance to taxation w/o representation

They formed the sons of liberty and the daughters of liberty

What was the sons of liberty and the daughters of liberty? what did they do?

They were made up of merchants, artisans, and traders, who fought for the repeal of the stamp act

How did the sons and daughters of liberty spread info?

Through committees of correspondence, (which were groups formed throughout the colonies whose purpose was to share information about British infringements on colonial rights)

How did colonies physically respond?

They would beat tax collectors

What was the House of Burgesses?

A house that passed series of resolutions known as the Virginia resolves (condemned taxation w/o rep.)

What was the most formal colonial protest?

The stamp act congress

What was the stamp act Congress? When was it made?

(1765) It was made up of 17 delegates from 9 colonies

What did the stamp act Congress petition? What was their argument?

For parliament to repeal the stamp act; taxation w/o rep was tyranny

What did the stamp act Congress not seek to do?

Independence was not the aim

What did the stamp act congress truly want?

Simply wanted to experience fullness of their rights

When was the stamp act and declaratory act repealed?

1766

After repealing the stamp and sugar act, how did the British ensure that their voice and power was still towering the colonies?

The declaratory act

What was the declaratory act?

Declared that parliament could pass any law they wanted to

What were the townshend acts?

Tax on common items like glass, paper, paint, etc.

What did the townshend act do to the colonies?

It got them all fired up again, leading to boycotts of British goods

What was the role women played during these boycotts?

It fell to them to find alternatives to imported goods as they typically were responsible. (began to spin their own clothes instead of imported textiles)

What was the Boston massacre? When did it occur?

(1770), A small group of Boston men, angry ab all the taxation policies and British military presence in the cities, began hurling snowballs and rocks at a group of British soldiers. A shot was then fired by one of the British soldiers, likely on accident, causing the rest of the soldiers to open fire as well. (5 deaths)

Who was Samuel Adams? What did he do?

He was a member of the sons of liberty who spread news of the boston massacre.

What did the sons of liberty use as evidence of tyranny?

they used the Boston massacre

After the Boston massacre, the parliament faced tremendous pressure which caused them to do what?

Repeal the townshend acts, except for the tea tax (to help the East India company)

What was the Boston Tea Party? When did it happen? Why?

Since parliament passed a new tea act (eliminated colonial merchants from buying/selling process) it decreased taxes on imported tea

How did the colonists see the new tea act?

that it was an attempt to control colonists and their economy (they resented it)

How did the colonists protest against the tea act?

The Boston tea party

What was the Boston tea party?

Colonists disguised themselves as American indians and dumped nearly 50 tons of tea into the harbor. (1.5-2m worth of tea today)

How did parliament respond to the boston massacre and the Boston tea party?

They passed the coercive acts in 1774

What were the coercive acts?

It closed the Boston harbor until the lost tea was repaid, reintroduced a new quartering act (where British soldiers were sent to enforce the coercive acts)

What did the coercive acts become known as in the colonies minds?

The intolerable acts