BIOL 1406 CH 16

Downstream of the gene promoter

You lead a research team challenged with the task of creating a regulatory protein able to shut off transcription of a particular gene. You focus your design around a binding site called an operator that is associated with the promoter. The physical location of the operator most likely to affect transcription would be?

nucleosomes

Histones that are tightly wound by DNA and are the basic unit of chromatin are
called

translational repression

You work for a pharmaceutical company that designs small RNAs, used to control expression of disease genes. The primary focus area of your research should be

Double stranded RNA interference with mRNA

Although the specific mechanism of RNA interference has not been fully defined, it
involves

specific transcription factors

Enhancers are the binding sites for the

regulatory DNA sequences

The basic tool of genetic regulation is the ability of certain proteins to bind to
specific

Inactive genes

High levels of DNA methylation correlate with

structural motifs

The DNA-binding proteins of almost all regulatory proteins use one of a small set of shapes that enable them to fit into the DNA major groove. These shapes are called

mRNA to prevent translation

Small RNAs can regulate gene expression. One type, called micro RNA (miRNA), acts by binding directly to

The mutant strain would waste energy producing enzymes in the absence of lactose

If a strain of bacteria had a mutation that blocked expression of the lac repressor, what would you expect as a result?

activation domain

In eukaryotes, specific transcription factors have two distinct domains, that is a DNA-binding domain and

RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and also must be capable of binding to the gene’s promoter

In order for transcription to be initiated,

the major groove of the DNA and reading the nucleotide base pairs

Certain proteins can bind to specific DNA regulatory sequences by entering

DNA-binding motifs into the major groove of the double helix where the edges of the nitrogen bases protrude

Regulatory proteins can identify specific sequences on the DNA double helix without unwinding the helix. This is accomplished by inserting

trp promoter

When E. coli cells produce the amino acid tryptophan, a cluster of five genes is transcribed together. This cluster of genes is referred to as the

lac operon

The proteins necessary for the use of lactose in E. coli are collectively called the

have their transcription occurring in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm

A defining characteristic of eukaryotic organisms is that they

repressor

A protein that regulates transcription by binding to the operator is known as a/an

operon, prokaryotic

A cluster of functionally related genes that are regulated together and encoded into a single mRNA molecule is referred to as a/an_________ and can be found in_________ cells.

Operator

A site of negative genetic regulation where binding by repressor blocks transcription is the

inducer exclusion

The main form of glucose repression in the lac operon is

No, its not always associated with just one specific tissure type

A gene codes for only one protein and associated with only one specific tissue type. Is this statement correct and why?

Transcription

What is the primary objective of gene regulation in prokaryotes

major groove of the DNA double helix

You have been asked to design a synthetic DNA motif, able to bind transcriptional regulatory proteins. The location on this motif that you will design for protein binding is the

have their transcription occurring in the cytoplasm and translation in the nucleus

A defining characteristic of eukaryotic organisms is that they

promoter

A site at the 5' end of a gene where RNA polymerase attaches to initiate transcription and control of gene expression occurs is called a/an

cytoplasmic determinants

In invertebrate embryos, the cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic