Physics

Change in wave behavior depends on

Type of wave, wavelength, composition of new medium

A. Crest

B. Trough

C. Amplitude

D. Wavelength

Wave Characteristics

Energy moving through a particle or field, but the particles just vibrate instead of going anywhere

Crest

Highest point of a wave

Trough

Lowest point of a wave

Equilibrium

Midpoint between the crest and trough

Amplitude

Distance between the equilibrium and crest or trough

Wavelength

Distance from one crest/trough to another

Frequency (measured in?)

Number of waves that pass through a point in a pacific amount of time, measured in Hertz (Hz)

Medium

Material/substance that the wave transfers through

How to calculate a waves speed, frequency, and wavelength?

What wave behavior is a dolphin emitting a click and using the returning sound to locate an object?

Reflection

Which wave is not transverse?

Sound waves

If three pendulums have the same string length and different masses (0.5kg, 1kg, 2kg), how is their period comparable?

All three have the same period

Wave bounces back at boundary

Reflection

Echoes are produced

Reflection

Wave bends around obstacle

Diffraction

Wave spreads through an opening

Diffraction

Wave changes speed in new medium

Refraction

Wave changes direction entering medium

Refraction

Rebound?

Redirect?

Disperse?

Reflection

Refraction

Diffraction

If a speaker emits a tone of constant frequency and an observer hears a higher pitch as a siren approaches

Doppler Effect

Doppler effect

motion changing pitch

Along?

Across?

No medium needed?

Longitudinal

Transverse

Electromagnetic

Particle displacement is parallel to propagation

Longitudinal

Has compressions and rarefactions

Longitudinal

Particle displacement is perpendicular to propagation

Transverse

Has crests and troughs

Transverse

includes radio to gamma spectrum

Electromagnetic

Can travel through vacuum

Electromagnetic

How are transverse and longitudinal waves similar?

They transfer energy from one location to another

A sound wave enters a metal rod from air and its speed increases

Refraction

Which medium generally allows sound to travel fastest?

Solid

For an object in simple harmonic motion, the speed,

The speed is greatest at the equilibrium position and zero at turning points

Particle motion is parallel to wave travel

Longitudinal

Wave motion is perpendicular to wave travel

Transverse

What situation is an example of simple harmonic motion?

A pendulum swinging through small angles

A moving ambulance approached a stationary observer, compared to the emitted sound the observed frequency is?

Higher

Constructive inference

Two waves combing and creating a bigger wave

Destructive inference

Two waves combining and becoming a straight line

If a wave’s amplitude is doubled while its frequency stays the same

The energy carried by the wave increases

If two identical waves meet in opposite directions and at a point, a crest meets a trough of equal size, what is the resulting displacement?

Zero (cancel each other out)

Longitudinal waves

It’s energy travels in the same direction as the particles that are disturbed

Compression

Region where particles are closer together

Rarefaction

Region where particles are further apart

Reflection

Wave hits surface of medium it traveled from

Incident ray in reflection

Ray that strikes the surface

Reflected ray in reflection

Ray that bounces off the surface

Refraction

When a wave enters a new medium and changes its direction and travel angle

Diffraction

Waves traveling around objects or through gaps/holes

Interference occurs when?

Occurs when waves interact with other waves

Standing waves

Vibrating system, some points remain fixed and others in between vibrate

In standing waves, what are nodes and antinodes?

Nodes: fixed points

Antinodes: in between points

Polarization

Restricting transverse waves to vibrate in only one plane/direction

Polarization process?

As light travels in multiple planes, process uses a filter to restrict light into one plane

Doppler Effect

When a wave emitting source moves, a shift in the wave’s wavelength and frequency occurs

In the Doppler effect, the waves what to observer as the object moves?

The waves are pushed together as object moves towards the observer

The waves are stretched apart as the objects move away from the observer

Calculating frequency

Frequency divided by time