Working and earning
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32 Terms
ambition (n)
Meaning 1:
She had fulfilled her lifelong ambition.
She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.
Meaning 2:
She was driven by personal ambition.
She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
[countable] something that you want to do or achieve very much
[uncountable] the desire or strength of mind to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.
tham vọng
application (n)
Meaning 1:
We have received applications from more than 3 000 students.
an application for asylum/a licence
After graduation, she made an application to join the BBC.
His application to the court for bail (tiền bảo lãnh) has been refused.
Meaning 2:
The invention would have a wide range of applications in industry.
What are the practical applications of this work?
the application of new technology to teaching
Meaning 3:
Look. This company has just launched a new application! Check it out!
a database application
[countable, uncountable] a formal (often written) request for something, such as a job, permission to do something or a place at a college or university - đơn xin ứng tuyển
[countable, uncountable] the practical use of something, especially a theory, discovery, etc.
[countable] (computing) (abbreviation: the first three letters in the word ) a program designed to do a particular job; a piece of software
ứng dụng
bank account (n phr)
to open/close a bank account
Can I use your bank account?
an arrangement that you have with a bank that allows you to keep your money there, to pay in or take out money, etc. - tài khoản ngân hàng
boss (n)
Meaning 1:
My boss is very understanding.
Her company’s boss is conservative, while mine is not.
Tom accused his former boss of being arrogant.
Meaning 2:
Hospital bosses protested at the decision.
Council bosses have agreed to meet a handful of homeowners today.
He's a notorious crime boss.
the person who is in charge of you at work
(informal) a person who is in charge of a large organization
sếp, cấp trên [countable]
career (n)
Meaning 1:
a teaching/singing career
She plans to pursue a career in medicine.
That will be a good career move (= something that will help your career).
We wish our graduates every success in whatever career path they have chosen.
(BrE) a careers adviser/officer (whose job is to give people advice and information about jobs)
Meaning 2:
She started/began her career as an English teacher.
She is playing the best tennis of her career.
This was a turning point in her career.
He has had injury problems throughout/during his career.
the job(s) a person does throughout their working life - sự nghiệp [countable]
the period that you spend in your life working or doing a particular thing [countable] - hành trình sự nghiệp
colleague (n)
I get along well (~ get on) with my colleagues.
work/senior/male colleagues
We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.
some of his former colleagues on the council
a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business - đồng nghiệp
company (n)
Meaning 1:
insurance/oil/tech/technology/pharmaceutical (dược phẩm) companies
to own/start/found/run a company
a company executive (giám đốc điều hành)/director
Meaning 2:
a theatre/dance company
a small touring opera company
The company has/have just been on tour.
Meaning 3:
a pleasant evening in the company of friends
She enjoys her own company (= being by herself) when she is travelling.
The children are very good company (= pleasant to be with) at this age.
He's coming with me for company.
Meaning 4:
Welcome my company to my new house! Just make yourself at home (~ feel free (?)).
Meaning 5:
It is bad manners to whisper in company (= in a group of people).
My company and I always gossip about other people.
[countable + singular or plural verb] (abbreviation Co.) (often in names) a business organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or services
(often in names) [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who work or perform together
công ty
[uncountable] the fact of being with somebody else and not alone - sự đồng hành
[uncountable] (formal) guests in your house - bạn đến chơi nhà
[uncountable] (formal) a group of people together - nhóm người
contract (n)
All employees have a written contract of employment.
These clauses form part of the contract between buyer and seller.
to renew/extend/terminate/cancel a contract
The midfielder will be out of contract at the end of the season (= his contract with his club will have finished).
a contract worker (= one employed on a contract for a fixed period)
Under the terms of the contract, the job should have been finished yesterday.
They were sued for breach of contract (= not doing what they agreed to do in a contract).
The offer has been accepted, subject to contract (= the agreement is not official until the contract is signed).
[countable] an official written agreement - hợp đồng
department (n)
Department of Education and Training in HCMC
The Department of Health
He is a lecturer in the department of psychology at Trinity College, Dublin.
the marketing/sales, etc., department
She used to work in the IT department.
The department of traffic police officers is under the provision of the Ministry of Public Security.
[countable] a part of a company, organization, or government - phòng, ban
deserve (v)
“Because you deserved it,” Anna shouted.
This idea deserves more attention.
One player in particular deserves a mention.
to deserve praise/respect
What have I done to deserve this?
He finally received the recognition that he so richly deserved.
They didn't deserve to win.
Several other points deserve mentioning.
not used in the progressive tenses, transitive (?)
to do something or show qualities that mean a particular reaction, reward or punishment is appropriate - xứng đáng
earn (v)
Meaning 1:
She has just earned her first salary this month!
She must earn a fortune (= earn a lot of money).
His victory in the tournament earned him $50000.
They earned enough from their work for food.
I want to earn bonuses from taking part in competitions.
Meaning 2:
Your money would earn more in a high-interest account.
interest earned from investments
Meaning 3:
He earned a reputation as an expert on tax law.
As a teacher, she had earned the respect of her students.
Their supporters have certainly earned the right to celebrate.
Players earn points to progress in the game.
[transitive, intransitive] to get money for work that you do - kiếm tiền
[transitive] to get money as profit or interest on money you lend, have in a bank, etc. - kiếm lãi
[transitive] to get something that you deserve, usually because of something good you have done or because of the good qualities you have - giành được, đạt được
fame (n)
to achieve/win instant fame
Daisy Ridley of ‘Star Wars’ fame (= famous for ‘Star Wars’)
The town's only claim to fame is that there was once a riot there.
She went to Hollywood in search of fame and fortune.
She rose to fame as a singer.
[uncountable] the state of being known and talked about by many people - danh tiếng
goal (n)
Meaning 1:
to achieve/accomplish/reach/set/meet a goal
You need to set yourself some long-term goals.
Their primary/ultimate goal was to eradicate malaria.
We are all working towards a common goal.
Meaning 2:
He headed the ball into an open goal (= one that had nobody defending it).
Nicky Roberts was outstanding in goal (= as goalkeeper).
Meaning 3:
She scored twenty goals in her first season.
United conceded two goals in the first half.
Liverpool won by three goals to one.
The winning goal came in the 71st minute.
a penalty goal
Adam receives the ball and kicks and…GOAL!!
something you aim to achieve - mục tiêu
(in sports) a frame with a net into which players must kick or hit the ball in order to score a point - khung thành
the act of kicking or hitting the ball into the goal; a point that is scored for this - bàn thắng
[countable]
impress (v)
Meaning 1:
This girl impresses me with her achievements.
It impressed me that she remembered my name.
Meaning 2:
He impressed on/upon us the need for immediate action.
Their responsibilities are impressed on/upon them during training.
Meaning 3:
Her lecture this afternoon impressed itself on/upon my memory.
[transitive, intransitive] if sb/sth ____es you, you admire them or it
[transitive] (formal) to make somebody understand how important, serious, etc., sth is by emphasizing it - làm hiểu rõ
[transitive] (formal) to have a great effect on something, especially somebody’s mind, imagination, etc.
gây ấn tượng
income (n)
People living on low incomes often have to work multiple jobs at once.
Average household income fell slightly.
a weekly disposable income (= the money that you have left to spend after tax, etc.) of £400
His parents have a combined annual income of less than $85 000.
New figures show a drop in income for the newly retired.
They lived on the rental income from the property.
These tax changes should help people on low incomes.
Tourism is a major source of income for the area.
[countable, uncountable] the money that you or sth earn(s) from work or investments - thu nhập
industry (n)
Meaning 1:
the needs of British industry
the Department of Trade and Industry
She got a job in industry.
Meaning 2:
the music/film/tourism industry
We need to develop local industries.
She later worked in the banking industry.
The whole issue has raised concerns within the food industry.
At a wider level, the industry as a whole needs restructuring.
industry insiders/analysts/experts
(figurative) the Kardashian industry (= the large number of people involved in making the Kardashian family successful)
[uncountable] the production of goods from raw materials, especially in factories - công nghiệp
[countable] the production of goods or services in factories - ngành công nghiệp
interview (v)
Meaning 1:
The HR manager has just interviewed her. I don’t know if the interviewer was so strict or not.
The interviewer interviews the interviewee.
The core team of some clubs has interviewed me, but most of them failed.
Meaning 2:
The website gives you tips on interviewing for colleges.
Meaning 3:
Next week, I will be interviewing Spielberg about his latest movie.
The prime minister declined to be interviewed (on the press).
Meaning 4:
The police are waiting to interview the injured man.
After 14 days, patients were interviewed about the recurrence of any symptoms.
[transitive, intransitive] to ask someone questions to find out if they are suitable for sth
[intransitive] interview (for something) to talk to somebody and answer questions at a formal meeting to get a job, a place on a course of study, etc.
[transitive] to ask somebody questions about their life, opinions, etc., especially on the radio or television or for a newspaper or magazine
[transitive] to ask somebody questions at a private meeting
phỏng vấn
interview (n)
Meaning 1:
a job interview
She's been called for (an) interview.
He has an interview (with a PR company) next week (for the manager's job).
In the interview, they asked me about my future plans.
He came across very well at the interview.
Meaning 2:
I love to have an interview with the press, but I can’t because I’m not confident enough to have a coherent speech and opinion.
to do/give an interview (= to agree to answer questions)
to conduct an interview (= to ask somebody questions in public)
Meaning 3:
He gave a very full account in long interviews with experienced police officers.
Interviews and questionnaires are the most important tools in market research.
a formal meeting at which somebody is asked questions to see if they are suitable for a particular job, or a study course at a college, university, etc.
a meeting (often a public one) at which a journalist asks somebody questions to find out their opinions
a private meeting between people when questions are asked and answered
buổi phỏng vấn, cuộc phỏng vấn - [countable]
leader (n)
Meaning 1:
I don’t really like being a leader, since I don’t have a clear opinion about most things.
party/world leaders
a religious/political leader
He was not a natural leader.
She's a born leader.
Meaning 2:
He was among the leaders of the race from the start.
The company has emerged as a world leader in the field of precision engineering.
a person who leads a group of people, especially the head of a country, an organization, etc. - lãnh đạo
a person or thing that is the best, or in first place in a race, business, etc.
người đứng đầu - [countable]
manager (n)
Meaning 1:
Carine’s mum is an HR manager.
Talk to the store manager.
The company always needs project managers.
I'm a senior manager in a multinational company.
Meaning 2:
The comedian is unavailable for comment, according to her manager.
The band's manager said that the gig sold out in hours.
a person responsible for managing a business or team - người quản lý
a person who deals with the business affairs of an actor, a musician, etc. - người quản lý nghệ sĩ
[countable]
pension (n)
to receive a retirement pension
The party promised to increase the basic state pension by £15 a week.
a disability pension
to take out a pension
She was struggling to live on a small pension.
I've been paying into a private pension for years.
money paid by government or a company regularly after retirement - lương hưu
poverty (n)
Meaning 1:
Many people used to be in poverty years ago.
conditions of extreme/abject poverty
to alleviate/tackle/combat/fight/escape/flee (chạy trốn) poverty
She was born into poverty and political chaos.
More than 1.5 million Americans fell into poverty last year.
The government is aiming to reduce child poverty (= the number of children living below the poverty line).
Meaning 2:
There is a poverty of colour in her work.
His work displays a poverty of imagination.
[uncountable] the state of being poor
[uncountable, singular] a lack of something; poor quality
sự thiếu thốn, nghèo nàn
pressure (n)
Meaning 1:
The pressure for change continued to mount (~ rise).
We are determined to keep up the pressure on the other member states.
There is intense pressure on her to resign.
In every society, there is strong pressure to conform.
Do you feel any pressure to dress in a certain way?
We must bring pressure to bear on our government to reverse this decision.
The government eventually bowed to popular pressure (= they agreed to do what people were trying to get them to do).
Meaning 2:
“Well, you’re right. I guess it’s high time I should have handled the pressure of ambition, goals, promises and studying,” I murmured to myself.
She was unable to attend because of the pressure of work.
How can anyone enjoy the pressures of city life? Well, my mom can, and she has been enjoying it for about 30 years..
[uncountable] the act of trying to persuade or to force somebody to do something
[uncountable] (also pressures [plural]) difficulties and worries that are caused by the need to achieve or to behave in a particular way
áp lực
previous (adj)
Meaning 1:
A two-year of previous experience is prior to be suitable for this job.
We had met on two previous occasions.
Most previous studies have focused on the elderly.
Today's teens are more health-conscious than previous generations.
Meaning 2:
the previous night/day/week/year/etc.
I couldn't believe it when I heard the news. I'd only seen him the previous day.
He went jogging on Friday, despite the doctor’s warnings the previous day.
happening or existing before the event or object that you are talking about
immediately before the time you are talking about (syn.: preceding)
[only before noun] - trước đó
profession (n)
Meaning 1:
the medical/legal/teaching profession
to enter/go into/join a profession
(British English) the caring professions (= that involve looking after people)
senior members of the profession
He was a lawyer by profession.
Meaning 2:
The legal profession has/have always resisted change.
the licensing laws that regulate the profession
Meaning 3:
employment in industry and the professions
Meaning 4:
a profession of faith
His professions of love did not seem sincere.
[countable] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education - nghề nghiệp
the ____ [singular + singular or plural verb] all the people who work in a particular type of ____ - nhóm người làm một nghề nghiệp nào đó
the ____s [plural] the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or a lawyer - nghề chuyên môn cao
[countable] ____ of something a statement about what you believe, feel or think about something, that is sometimes made publicly - nhận định, lời tuyên bố
retire (v)
Meaning 1:
The teaching profession's official retiring age is 60 for men and 55 for women, and they are expected to retire on a full pension.
She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.
My dream is to retire to a villa in France.
He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine.
She was retired on medical grounds.
Meaning 2:
She fell badly, spraining her ankle, and had to retire (from her profession).
He retired hurt in the first five minutes of the game.
[intransitive, transitive] to leave your job and stop working, especially because you have reached a particular age or because you are ill; to tell somebody they must stop doing their job - nghỉ hưu, về hưu
[intransitive] to stop competing during a game, race, etc., usually because you are injured - rút lui
salary (n)
The average monthly/weekly/annual salary for an unskilled worker is $550.
She's on a salary of £24 000.
She earned a six-figure salary.
a 9 per cent salary increase
He gets a basic (BrE)/base (NrAE) salary plus commission.
Chemical engineering grads are expected to get the biggest starting salaries.
money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month - tiền lương
staff (n)
Meaning 1:
The renewal of PR staff is ready!
medical/nursing/teaching/coaching/editorial staff
to employ/recruit/hire/train staff
He joined the editorial staff in 2018.
The company has a good reputation for staff training.
We have a weekly staff meeting.
Meaning 2:
Students, faculty and staff were all men in those days.
[countable, usually singular, uncountable] all the workers employed in an organization considered as a group - cán bộ
[singular] (North American English) the people who work at a school, college or university, but who do not teach students
nhân viên
strike (n)
a strike by teachers
a one-day strike
an unofficial strike
Union leaders called a strike.
Air traffic controllers are threatening to go on strike.
to come out on strike
The train drivers have voted to take strike action.
The student union has called for a rent strike (= a refusal to pay rent as a protest).
a period of time when an organized group of employees of a company stops working because of an argument over pay or conditions - cuộc đình công
tax (v)
Meaning 1:
His declared aim was to tax the rich.
Cigarettes and soft drinks are heavily taxed by the government.
Any interest payments are taxed as part of your income.
Luxury goods are taxed at a rate of 20%.
You will be taxed on all your income.
Meaning 2:
The car is taxed until July.
Meaning 3:
The questions did not tax me.
The problem is currently taxing the brains of the nation's experts (= making them think very hard).
to put a tax on somebody/something; to make somebody pay tax - đánh thuế
(British English) to pay tax on a vehicle so that you may use it on the roads
to need a great amount of physical or mental effort
tax (n)
to pay your taxes
to raise/cut taxes
a 20% tax on income
to pay over £1 000 in tax
profits before/after tax
tax increases/cuts
an increase in tax rates
property/corporate tax revenue (doanh thu)
money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services. People pay ____ according to their income and businesses pay tax according to their profits. ____ is also often paid on goods and services. - thuế
wealthy (adj)
Meaning 1:
a wealthy country/nation
The deal is about to make him a very wealthy man.
The couple are said to be fabulously wealthy.
They live in a wealthy suburb of Chicago.
Meaning 2:
Don’t you think the wealthy should share their money with the poor?
having a lot of money, possessions, etc.
the _____ noun [plural] people who are rich