Philosophy exam 3

Cosmology

The theory of causation

Aristotle 4 causes

Material

Formal

Efficient

Final

Cosmology

The theory of causation

Aristotle 4 causes

Material

Formal

Efficient

Final

Material Cause

That from which as a constitute a thing comes to be

Ex. statue (the marble), House (the brick)

Formal Cause

Characteristics that explain what comes to be

Ex. Statue (shape) , Home (floorplan)

Efficient Cause

The source of change: sight the thing or activity

Ex. Statue (Sculptur or the acitivity of scultpting), Home (builder or activity of building)

Finals Cause

Final state of affairs toward which change natural tends

Ex. Statue (depict something) , Home (warmth, shelter, etc)

Elements

Air

Fire

Earth

Water

David Hume

The regularity theory of causation

Uses the association of ideas (customs of thought)

Monotheism

Judaism, Yahew

Christianity, theos

Islam, Allah

The existence of god

What do you have to do to prove the existence of anything?

What is god

Omnipotent (all-powerful)

Can create anything logical omniscient (all knowing)

God knows every true proposition that is benevolent (all good)

The 5 ways

empirical / a posteriori argument

The cosmological argument

1.) the way of motion

2.) the way of efficient causation

3.) the way of contingency and necessity

The teleological argument

4.) the way of perfection

5.) the way of final causation

The problem of evil

Question: is the system of religious beliefs internally consistent?

Problem: if not, this system cannot be acceptected as a whole since it portrays a logically impossible reality

Forms of evil

Moral

Non moral (natural)

Positive Quality

Real existence

Privitive Quality

Absence of a positive quality