DRIs

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

science based reference values for nutrients to meet adequacy and prevent chronic disease in healthy populations

DRIs are reference values for ________ intakes and ____ ______ levels of nutrients

recommended intakes; safe upper levels

DRIs impact food & nutrition _____

policy

DRIs serve as standards for nutrient intakes for:

healthy persons in the US & Canada

DRI values are based on:

average requirements

Individual requirements or adverse intake levels may:

be more or less than the DRI values

Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010

basis for federal nutrition policy & education

MyPlate Food Guidance System

provides food-based guidance to implement the recommendations of the DRIs and DGs

Nutrition Facts Food Label

consumer tool found on most food products

How do DRIs, DGs, MyPlate, and food labels work together? (use fiber as example)

1. DRIs: provide "Adequate Intake" fiber recommendation

2. DGs: recommends 3+ oz of whole grains/day

3. MyPlate: provides recommended whole grain amount based on individual calories level

4. Food label: contains information to help identify "whole grain"

FNB

Food and Nutrition Board

IOM

Institute of Medicine

Who developed the DRIs?

the FNB under the IOM

The ____ were developed first and aimed to ______

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), 1989; prevent deficiencies

The _____ were developed in 1997 and aimed to _____

DRIs;

- decrease risk of chronic disease

- avoid excess consumption

DRIs include 4 nutrient intake values:

- EAR

- RDA

- AI

- UL

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

the amount that meets the optimal nutrient needs of half the individuals in a specific group

Health professionals use _____ to develop RDAs and plan diets for groups of people

Estimated Average Requirements (EARs)

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)

levels of nutrient intake adequate to meet the needs of nearly all healthy people in the US (97-98%)

RDAs are set for:

protein, carbohydrates, many vitamins & minerals

3 steps when setting RDAs:

1. Estimate average need for a group (EAR)

2. Add 30-50% to cover needs of nearly all

3. Possibly add more to account for absorption

Accurate view of optimal nutrient intakes (diagram)

Adequate Intake (AI)

similar to RDA but lacks enough scientific evidence to set an RDA

5 nutrients that have AIs instead of RDAs:

- calcium

- vitamin K

- vitamin D

- fat

- fiber

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

total intake from food, fortified food, and supplements should not exceed this amount, or adverse health effects may result

--> not a recommended amount!

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

acceptable ranges of what % of total kcal should come from each macronutrient

AMDR of fat = ___ % of total kcal

20 - 35%

AMDR of protein = ___ % of total kcal

10 - 35%

AMDR of carbohydrates = ___ % of total kcal

45 - 65%

DRIs

Dietary Reference Intakes

RDA

Recommended Dietary Allowance

EAR

Estimated Average Requirement

AI

Adequate Intake

UL

Tolerable Upper Intake Level