industrial psychology goes brr

Reinforcement theory

draws on principles of operant conditioning and states simply that behavior is motivated by its consequences

positive reinforcers

desirable events that strengthen the tendency to respond

negative reinforcers

events that strengthen a behavior through the avoidance of an existing negative state

punishment

unpleasant consequences that reduce the tendency to respond

fixed-interval schedule

reinforcement that follows the passage of a specified amount of time

variable-interval schedule

reinforcement that follows the passage of a specified amount of time, with exact time of reinforcement varying

fixed-ratio schedule

reinforcement that is contingent on the performance of a fixed number of behaviors

variable-ratio schedule

reinforcement that depends on the performance of a specified but varying number of behaviors

organizational behavior modification

the application of conditioning principles to obtain certain work outcomes

intrinsic motivation

the notion that people are motivated by internal rewards

goal-setting theory

the motivational theory that emphasizes the setting of specific and challenging performance goals and worker's commitment to those goals are key determinants of motivation.

Edwin Locke

The proponent of Goal-setting theory

SMART

In order for employees to be motivated, goals must be...

Commitment

Goal setting will not be motivating without this

General Goals

These goals are not as effective as defined, measurable goals

Herzberg's Two-factor Theory

highlighted the role of job satisfaction in determining worker motivation

Frederick Herzberg

The proponent of Two-factor Theory

motivators

elements related to job content that, when present, lead to job satisfaction

hygienes

elements related to job context that, when absent, cause job dissatisfaction

Skill variety

the degree to which a job requires the worker to use a variety of abilities and skills to perform work-related tasks

Task identity

the degree to which a job requires the completion of an entire job or function

Task significance

the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on other people within the organization

Feedback

the degree to which the job allows the worker to receive direct and clear information about the effectiveness of performance

Autonomy

influences the sense of responsibility associated with the job and with work outcomes

Job Diagnostic Survey

a questionnaire that measures core job characteristics

job enrichment

motivational program that involves redesigning jobs to give workers a greater role in the planning, execution, and evaluation of their work

job characteristics model

a theory that emphasizes the role that certain aspects of jobs play in influencing work motivation

Hackman and Oldham

proponents of Job characteristics model

Autonomy

the degree to which the job gives the worker freedom and independence to choose how to schedule and carry out the necessary tasks

Skill variety, task identity, and task significance

Affect the experience of meaningfulness in work

feedback

influences the worker's experience of work results

Growth need strength

the need and desire for personal growth on the job