APUSH Unit 1

Maize

- corn

Woodland Mound Builders

- descendants built timber and bark lodgings along rivers

Isabella and Ferdinand

- king and queen of Spain

Algonquian

- largest Native American language

Incas

- based in Peru

Iroquois Confederation

- tribes living near the Great Lakes and in New York formed a political union

Land Bridges

- connected Siberia and Alaska

Protestant Reformation

- conflict between Catholics and Protestants led to a series of religious wars

Treaty of Tordesillas

- establishes Portugal's claim to Brazil

Christopher Columbus

- First voyage to the Americas under Ferdinand and Isabella

Mayas

- built remarkable cities in the Rainforest of the Yucatán Peninsula

Joint-stock company

- business owned by a large number of investors

Hernán Cortes

- conquered by the Aztecs in Mexico

Middle Passage

- Passage between Africa and the Americas during the slave trade

Slave Trade

- sent between 10 million and 15 million enslaved people from Africa

Francisco Pizarro

- conquered the Incas in Peru, which secured Spain's initial supremacy in the Americas

Encomienda System

- Spain's king granted Natives who live in a tract of land to individual Spaniards

Asiento System

- required colonists to pay a tax to the Spanish king on each enslaved person imported to the Americas

Capitalism

- an economic system in which control of the capital became more important than the control of land

Roanoke Island

- Sir Walter Raliegh attempted to establish a colonial settlement, but failed

Conquistadores

- Spanish explorers and conquerors

Slavery

- forced labor

Columbian Exchange

- transfer of plant., animals, and germs from one side of the Atlantic to the other

Aztecs

- central Mexico

Bartolomé de Las Casas

- European who dissented from the views of most Europeans toward Native Americans