APUSH Unit 1

Maize

• corn

Woodland Mound Builders

• descendants built timber and bark lodgings along rivers

Isabella and Ferdinand

• king and queen of Spain

Algonquian

• largest Native American language

Incas

• based in Peru

Iroquois Confederation

• tribes living near the Great Lakes and in New York formed a political union

Land Bridges

• connected Siberia and Alaska

Protestant Reformation

• conflict between Catholics and Protestants led to a series of religious wars

Treaty of Tordesillas

• establishes Portugal's claim to Brazil

Christopher Columbus

• First voyage to the Americas under Ferdinand and Isabella

Mayas

• built remarkable cities in the Rainforest of the Yucatán Peninsula

Joint-stock company

• business owned by a large number of investors

Hernán Cortes

• conquered by the Aztecs in Mexico

Middle Passage

• Passage between Africa and the Americas during the slave trade

Slave Trade

• sent between 10 million and 15 million enslaved people from Africa

Francisco Pizarro

• conquered the Incas in Peru, which secured Spain's initial supremacy in the Americas

Encomienda System

• Spain's king granted Natives who live in a tract of land to individual Spaniards

Asiento System

• required colonists to pay a tax to the Spanish king on each enslaved person imported to the Americas

Capitalism

• an economic system in which control of the capital became more important than the control of land

Roanoke Island

• Sir Walter Raliegh attempted to establish a colonial settlement, but failed

Conquistadores

• Spanish explorers and conquerors

Slavery

• forced labor

Columbian Exchange

• transfer of plant., animals, and germs from one side of the Atlantic to the other

Aztecs

• central Mexico

Bartolomé de Las Casas

• European who dissented from the views of most Europeans toward Native Americans