Organic reactions

Friedel alkylation acylation

Adding CL-R to a ring by removing CL with AlCl3

Acylation is samejust with RCO group

NBS and benzylic peroxide over CCl4 and 80 degrees

Adds Br to adjacent carbon next to ring

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) over HCL

Adds O=c-OH group to methyl on ring

ZnO

Adds a double bond to end of ethyl attached to ring

Dehydration with KHSO4 over heat

Breaks off OH group and leaves a double bond

Dehydrohalogenatuon with NaOCH2CH over alcohol and 50 degrees

Breaks off halogen and leaves double bond

Hydrogenation with H2 over pd

Reduces double bond to single

Halogenation with Br2

Adds br to both sides of double bond and reduces to single

Birch reduction (Na,NH3 over alcohol)

Electron attacks c, breaks double bond, electrons move around, then the carbon with now 2 electrons takes off the h from the alcohol giving 2 H at that c. Electron then attacks top, gives c 2 electrons then (had 1 after bonds break) same happens with alcohols

Nitration of benzene

Wolff Kishner (H2NNH2, koh over triethylene)

Breaks off carbonyl O. N bonds to carbon with =O, breaks double sends - to O, N has +. H on N breaks off to bind with O, - and + are fixed. OH- comes in and kicks other H off N which moves up and kicks OH group off. N now double bonded to C and has lone pair. Other OH- grabs H off other N, forms N=N reduces N=C to N-C. Other OH- grabs other H off which then breaks N off of C leaving - charge on C which then picks up a H and neutralizes.

Activators

Activators

Deactivaters