Adaptations to Endurance and Resistance Training

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to adaptations to endurance and resistance training, focusing on metabolic adaptations, physiological responses, and the training principles discussed in the lecture.

Increased Capillary Density

An adaptation in response to training that enhances blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles.

Increased Mitochondrial Biogenesis

An adaptation that leads to the production of more mitochondria, enhancing the muscle's capacity to produce energy.

AMP kinase

The primary transcription factor activated during endurance training, which acts as a central energy sensor.

VO2 max

The maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise, indicating aerobic capacity.

PGC-1 alpha

The master transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing energy production from fat and carbohydrates.

Fasted State

A physiological condition where the body is low on energy, leading to high levels of AMP kinase activation.

Fed State

A physiological condition characterized by high energy availability, leading to decreased AMP kinase activity.

Muscular Endurance

The ability to sustain repeated contractions over an extended period against a submaximal load.

Hyperplasia

An increase in the number of muscle fibers, which can occur in response to certain types of training.

Hypertrophy

An increase in the size of muscle fibers, primarily achieved through resistance training.

Wolff's Law

A principle stating that bone density and strength increase in response to the forces placed upon them.

Neural Adaptation

The initial improvement in strength attributed to enhanced communication between the nervous system and muscles.

One Repetition Maximum (1RM)

The maximum load a person can lift for a single repetition in a given exercise.

Resistance Training

Physical activity designed to improve muscular strength and endurance by exercising muscle against external resistance.

Bone Mineral Density

A measure of the amount of minerals (mainly calcium) in a certain volume of bone, which indicates bone strength.

Calories

Units of energy obtained from food, essential for bodily functions and daily activities.