Key Concepts from Lecture on Mahatma Gandhi and Globalization

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to Mahatma Gandhi, the Cold War, globalization, social justice, and related movements and ideologies.

Mahatma Gandhi

Leader of the Indian independence movement known for his philosophy of nonviolent resistance.

Nonviolent resistance

A method of protest that seeks change without physical force.

Sabarmati Ashram

Mahatma Gandhi's residence in Ahmedabad, India, and a key site for the Indian independence movement.

The Great Leap Forward

A socio-economic campaign initiated by Mao Zedong in China from 1958 to 1962 aimed at rapidly transforming the country from an agrarian economy to a socialist society through industrialization.

Cultural Revolution

A socio-political movement initiated by Mao Zedong in 1966 to enforce communism and eliminate capitalist elements from Chinese society.

Red Guards

Youth groups mobilized by Mao during the Cultural Revolution to promote communist ideology and serve as enforcers.

Cold War

The geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States from the end of World War II until the early 1990s.

Capitalism

An economic system characterized by private ownership of production and operation for profit.

Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society and communal ownership of resources.

Berlin Wall

A barrier built in 1961 that divided East and West Berlin, symbolizing the Cold War and the division of Europe.

Globalization

The process of increased interconnectedness among countries, particularly in trade, culture, and technology.

Life expectancy

The average period a person is expected to live based on demographic factors.

Antibiotics

Medicines that inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria; critical in improving public health.

Fukushima

The site of a major nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011 caused by a tsunami.

Food Security

The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.

Environmental Impact

The effect of human activity on the natural environment.

Technological Advancements

Progress in technology that often leads to significant societal change.

Economic Inequality

The unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.

Terrorism

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in pursuit of political aims.

Space Race

The competition between the USA and USSR to achieve significant achievements in space exploration.

Mao Zedong

Founding father of the People's Republic of China and key figure in the Communist Party.

Civic Engagement

Participation in activities intended to influence public policy and decisions.

Democratization

The transition to democratic governance.

Red Scare

Intense fear of communism and anti-communist sentiment in the United States.

Civic Nationalism

Nationalism based on shared citizenship and inclusive values.

Economic Isolationism

A policy of avoiding economic interaction with other nations.

Public Health

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health.

Impact of Globalization on Culture

How globalization affects local cultures and identities.

History of Women's Rights

The struggle for equal rights and opportunities for women.

Collectivization

The process of transforming agricultural into collective farms.

Social Darwinism

The application of natural selection theories to sociology and politics.

Equity

Fairness and justice in the distribution of resources and opportunities.

Civic Responsibility

The duties and responsibilities of citizens to their community.

National Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.

Crisis Management

Strategies to deal with emergencies or significant events.

Resource Allocation

The distribution of resources among various projects or business units.

World War I

A global war originating in Europe from 1914 to 1918.

World War II

A global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945.

Communicable Diseases

Diseases that are spread from one person to another, often inhibiting public health.

Global Governance

The way global affairs are managed across countries.

Artificial Intelligence

Machine intelligence that simulates human thinking and behavior.

Hydraulic Fracturing

A technique for extracting natural gas by injecting liquid at high pressure.

Fracking

A form of unconventional oil and gas extraction.

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations.

Urbanization

The increase in the population of urban areas.

Natural Disaster Management

Strategies and measures to effectively respond to and recover from natural disasters.

Gender Equality

The state in which access to rights and opportunities is unaffected by gender.

Climate Change

Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, primarily driven by human activities.

Mental Health Awareness

The recognition and understanding of mental illness and wellness.

Public Policy

Principles on which social laws are based.

Civil Rights Movement

A struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s.

Digital Divide

The gap between those who have easy access to the internet and those who do not.

International Relations

A branch of political science that studies the interactions between countries.

Free Trade Agreement

A pact between two or more nations to reduce barriers to trade.

Public-Private Partnerships

Collaborations between government agencies and private-sector companies.

Trade Liberalization

The removal or reduction of trade barriers, such as tariffs.

Ecological Footprint

A measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems.

Biodiversity Loss

The decline in the number and variety of species in a given area.

Immigration Policies

Laws and regulations governing immigration into a country.

Social Justice

The fair treatment and equitable distribution of resources in society.

Youth Empowerment

Encouraging young people to take control of their lives and claim their rights.

Insurgency,

An active revolt or uprising against an established authority.

Neocolonialism

The use of economic, political, and cultural pressures to control former colonies.

Fiscal Policy

Government spending policies that influence macroeconomic conditions.

Transition Economies

Countries shifting from centrally planned economies to market-oriented economies.

Net Migration Rate

The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.

Health Care Reform

Changes to health policy aimed at improving access to and quality of care.

Crisis in Agriculture

Challenges faced by the agricultural sector, including climate impacts and market fluctuations.

Cultural Heritage

The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society.

Geopolitical Stability

The state of peace and stability between geopolitical entities.