Ch. 17 Blood Packet

Blood is divided into

Plasma (liquid portion of blood) and formed elements (the blood cells)

RH factor present

Blood is Rh positive

Rh factor absent

Blood is Rh negative

How many people of Rh positive blood

85%

How many people don’t Rh factor

15%

The composition of blood is

55% plasma, 45% formed elements

A hematocrit of 45% means that in every 100 ml of whole blood

There are 45 ml of red blood cells and 55 ml of plasma

Reduced red blood cell number cause

Anemia

Which formed element carrys oxygen

Erythrocytes

All formed elements arose from which stem cell

Hemocytoblast

True/False: Hematocrit and packed cell volume (PCV) are synonymous terms

True

True/False: A reticulocyte count can indicate to a physician the rate of leukocyte formation

False

True/False: oxygen deficiency increases RBC number by increasing the secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys

True

True/False: the life span of circulating RBC’s is about 10 to 12 days

False

True/False: heme is broken down into iron and amino acids for use in the synthesis of new RBC’s

False

Classification of leukocytes that contain cytoplasmic granules

Granulocytes

Most numerous leukocytes

Neutrophils

Granulocytes that release heparin and histamine

Basophils

Granulocytes that protect against infections from parasitic worms and allergic reactions

Eosinophils

Agranulocytes that produce antibodies

Lymphocytes

Agranulocytes that enter tissue spaces as macrophages

Monocytes

Cell fragments that function in blood clotting and hemostasis

Platelets

Cells from which platelets are formed

megakaryocytes

Classification of leukocytes without cytoplasmic granules

Agranulocytes

Classification of formed elements that are nucleated cells lacking hemoglobin

Leukocytes

A person with antibody A in his or her plasma would have which blood type

Type B

People with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood contains

Neither A nor B antigens on their RBC’s

Blood transfusions are safer than ever due to

Screening procedures such as the nucleus acid test

True/False: Type AB blood is considered to be the universal recipient

True

True/False: Type AB blood contains both the A and B antibodies in its plasma

False

True/False: Most blood contains the anti-Rh antibodies

False

True/False: plasma is a pale yellow fluid that accounts for more than half the blood volume

True

True/False: Serum is whole blood minus the clotting elements

True

True/False: Synthesis of plasma proteins occurs in the spleen

False

What is not a critical component of coagulation

Fibrinolysis

For prothrombin to be synthesized by the liver adequate amounts of which vitamin is required

Vitamin K

What does not hasten clotting

Heparin

An excess of RBC’s

Polycythemia

Often results from the destruction of bone marrow by drugs, toxic chemicals, or radiation

Aplastic anemia

An anemia resulting from a dietary deficiency of vitamin B12

Pernicious anemia

A type of hemolytic anemia common to African Americans

Sickle cell anemia

Refers to an abnormally low WBC count

Leukopenia

Stationary clot

Thrombosis

Circulating clot

Embolus

Is a type of X-linked inherited disorder that results from a failure to form blood-clotting factor VIII, IX, or XI

Hemophilia

Agglutinogen

Antigen

Agglutinin

Antibody

Movement of formed elements through vessel wall

Diapedesis

65% of WBC’s

Neutrophils

2-5% of circulating WBC’s

Eosinophils

What is not found in serum

Clotting factors

An allergic reaction may increase the number of

Eosinophils

Blood clot moving through the body

Embolism

When could difficulty with the Rh blood factor arise

Rh-negative woman and an Rh-positive man produce a child

What is the primary function of hemoglobin

Carry oxygen

Which step is not involved in blood clot formation

Thrombin is converted into prothrombin

Reinfusion into self

Autologous transfusion