Blood is divided into
Plasma (liquid portion of blood) and formed elements (the blood cells)
RH factor present
Blood is Rh positive
Rh factor absent
Blood is Rh negative
How many people of Rh positive blood
85%
How many people don’t Rh factor
15%
The composition of blood is
55% plasma, 45% formed elements
A hematocrit of 45% means that in every 100 ml of whole blood
There are 45 ml of red blood cells and 55 ml of plasma
Reduced red blood cell number cause
Anemia
Which formed element carrys oxygen
Erythrocytes
All formed elements arose from which stem cell
Hemocytoblast
True/False: Hematocrit and packed cell volume (PCV) are synonymous terms
True
True/False: A reticulocyte count can indicate to a physician the rate of leukocyte formation
False
True/False: oxygen deficiency increases RBC number by increasing the secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys
True
True/False: the life span of circulating RBC’s is about 10 to 12 days
False
True/False: heme is broken down into iron and amino acids for use in the synthesis of new RBC’s
False
Classification of leukocytes that contain cytoplasmic granules
Granulocytes
Most numerous leukocytes
Neutrophils
Granulocytes that release heparin and histamine
Basophils
Granulocytes that protect against infections from parasitic worms and allergic reactions
Eosinophils
Agranulocytes that produce antibodies
Lymphocytes
Agranulocytes that enter tissue spaces as macrophages
Monocytes
Cell fragments that function in blood clotting and hemostasis
Platelets
Cells from which platelets are formed
megakaryocytes
Classification of leukocytes without cytoplasmic granules
Agranulocytes
Classification of formed elements that are nucleated cells lacking hemoglobin
Leukocytes
A person with antibody A in his or her plasma would have which blood type
Type B
People with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood contains
Neither A nor B antigens on their RBC’s
Blood transfusions are safer than ever due to
Screening procedures such as the nucleus acid test
True/False: Type AB blood is considered to be the universal recipient
True
True/False: Type AB blood contains both the A and B antibodies in its plasma
False
True/False: Most blood contains the anti-Rh antibodies
False
True/False: plasma is a pale yellow fluid that accounts for more than half the blood volume
True
True/False: Serum is whole blood minus the clotting elements
True
True/False: Synthesis of plasma proteins occurs in the spleen
False
What is not a critical component of coagulation
Fibrinolysis
For prothrombin to be synthesized by the liver adequate amounts of which vitamin is required
Vitamin K
What does not hasten clotting
Heparin
An excess of RBC’s
Polycythemia
Often results from the destruction of bone marrow by drugs, toxic chemicals, or radiation
Aplastic anemia
An anemia resulting from a dietary deficiency of vitamin B12
Pernicious anemia
A type of hemolytic anemia common to African Americans
Sickle cell anemia
Refers to an abnormally low WBC count
Leukopenia
Stationary clot
Thrombosis
Circulating clot
Embolus
Is a type of X-linked inherited disorder that results from a failure to form blood-clotting factor VIII, IX, or XI
Hemophilia
Agglutinogen
Antigen
Agglutinin
Antibody
Movement of formed elements through vessel wall
Diapedesis
65% of WBC’s
Neutrophils
2-5% of circulating WBC’s
Eosinophils
What is not found in serum
Clotting factors
An allergic reaction may increase the number of
Eosinophils
Blood clot moving through the body
Embolism
When could difficulty with the Rh blood factor arise
Rh-negative woman and an Rh-positive man produce a child
What is the primary function of hemoglobin
Carry oxygen
Which step is not involved in blood clot formation
Thrombin is converted into prothrombin
Reinfusion into self
Autologous transfusion