sociology education 30 mark essay plans - BRIEF

class difference

intro - combination reinforcing eachother

1. cultural capital - Bourdieu > habitus, mc more enrichment, wc disadvantaged

2. material deprivation- Smith & Noble > poverty impacts educational performance

3. Labelling streaming & subcultures - Becker, Rosenthal & Jacobsen > wc pupils placed in lower sets, labelled negatively, less encouragement

4. Marketisation & Parentocracy - Ball, Gerwitz > league tables + open enrolment > myth of parentocracy, skilled v disconnected choosers

5. Cultural deprivation - Bernstein, Sugarman > restricted vs elaborated code, wc sc - wc struggle to adapt

conclusion: both but institutional practised reinforce inequality more than personal effort or parenting

gender difference

introduction - girls constantly out perform boys since 90’s due to changes in wider society, practises and gender norms

1. Changing female aspirations - Sharpe > ambitions = family to career bc want to be stable

2. Internal factors - Mitsos & Browne > girls better at coursework, teachers prefer “feminine traits”

3. Boys’ underachievement - Epstein > peer pressure, too feminine, less engagement

4. Gendered Subjects + Socialisation - Oakley + Colley > gendered socialisation (toys colours clothes), gendered subjects, peer pressure

conclusion - shaped by internal and external, girls outperform boys generally but factors like class must be taken into account

ethnicity difference

introduction - achievement varies by ethnicity, explained by CD, MD labelling + institutional racism

1. Teacher labelling - Gillborn + Youdell > black students lower sets, sfp, opportunity reduction

2. material deprivation - MD sociologists > ethnic groups more likely wc

3. cultural factors - Lupton, Driver > asian families respectful, strong afro girls

4. Institutional Racism - Gillborn, Ethnocentric cur > racism in systems. focuses on white histoy

5. Compensatory edu - EMA, sure start for BAME students

conclusion - mix of internal + external, internal impacts pupils despite cultural attitudes

Role of Education

introduction - transmits values, functionalist vs Marxist vs new right vs feminists

1. Marxism - Bowles & Gintis > hidden curriculum, correspondence principle

2. Functionalism - Durkheim, Parsons > Social solidarity, Role allocation

3. New Right - Chubb & Moe > marketisation, parentocracy, league tables

4. Feminism - Heaton, Lawson > gendered socialisation, reinforces gender roles, girls = nurturing, boys = stem

conclusion - some see fair, some see inequality, marxist strongest > explains why

Marketisation, policy & inequality

introduction - marketisation definition - competition + choice, 1988 reform

1. mc advantage & parental choice - Gerwitz > skilled v disconnected, mc cultural capital

2. Cream skimming - Bartlett > take high achievers, leave SEN, FSM or low pupils, exclusivity

3. marketisation & parentocracy - Ball > myth of parentocracy, prioritised pr, values appearance

4. policy responses - pupil premium, sure start target disadvantages

conclusion - Gerwitz strongest argument, marketisatoin benefits advantaged

Education & Economy

introduction - prepares pupils for wider society, functionalist, new right, marxist, feminist

1. Marxist - Bowles + Gintis > Hidden Cur, mirrors workplace, acceptence of authority

2. functionalist - Durkheim, Parsons, Davis & Moore > teaches values, sorts roles, meritocratic

3. Feminist - Colley > pushes girls to caring roles, bc of early socialisation

conclusions - marxist strongest, legitimises inequality most

Education - meritocratic?

introduction - meritocracy definition, functionalist & marxist view

1. Marxist - Bowles & Gintis > myth of meritocracy, refletcts obedience, mc pre advantage

2. Cultural Capital - Bourdieu > mc have CC wc styles not valued (habitus), external is important

3. material deprivation - Smith & Noble > poverty impacts performance (no resources), FSM underachieve

4. Functionalist - Parsons > equal judgement, role alocation, exams reflect talent

5. Gender & Ethnicity - Gillborn > girls over boys - still wage gaps, black students held back bc bias

conclusion - marxist + cultural capital - myth more than reality, deep rooted privilege