Unit 8 - Cold War and Decolonization

potsdam conference

potsdam conference

final meeting among leaders of the big three - july 1945 in germany

military-industrial complex

informal alliance between the government and large defense contractors

- results in too much power

self-determination

idea that each country should choose its own form of government and leaders

united nations (UN)

US, great britain, soviet union, and china - established in 1956. made to promote peace and prosperity

capitalism vs. communism

captitalism: privately owned

communism: government owned

USSR and its satellite countries

bulgaria, east germany, hungary, poland, and romania - all share economic system with USSR

containment

policy to not let communism spread further

marshall plan

june 1947 - designed to offer $12B of aid to all nations of europe to modernize industry and rebuild

non-aligned movement

nations that wanted out of the US v. USSR cold war and did not want economic/political/social order dominated by two superpowers

berlin wall

wall dividing west and east berlin

NATO + warsaw pact

north atlantic treaty organization: made of western nations

soviet response to NATO

SEATO

southeast asia treaty organization - australia, france, great britain, new zealand, pakistan, philippines, thailand, and US

kwame nkrumah + one-party state

ghana’s first president

in which there is only one political party

korean war

proxy wars: north (communist) v. south (democratic) korea. resulted in stalemate

vietnam war

proxy wars: communist north v. capitalist south vietnam. resulted in communist victory

soviet-afghan war

proxy wars: soviet invasion of afghanistan to prop up that country’s communist government against muslim fighters. weakened the USSR

domino theory

idea that if one country became communist, others surrounding it would soon follow

muslim league

founded to advocate for a separate nation for indian muslims

nuclear test ban treaty

treaty to ban testing of nuclear missiles - 1963

great leap forward

1958 policy in china that consisted of lad reforms. resulted in +20M chinese deaths and ended in 1960

communes

large agricultural communities in china + land held by the state

cultural revolution

silenced critics of mao and opposers of communism. reinforced commitment to communism

white revoluton

iran - shah instituted progressive reforms — no bloodshed

iranian revoluton

1979 - toppled the shah, created a theocracy

land reform in latin america

venezuela - redistribution of 5M acres of land

guatemala - democratic election, eventual land reform efforts

land reform in asia

vietnam - communist takeover carried out policies

algerian war for independence

1954 - algerians were driven by nationalism, campaigned for independence

ho chi minh + viet cong

communist leader of vietnam

south vietnamese who supported communists

gamal abdel nasser - suez crisis

overthrew the king, established republic of egypt

egyptian conflict with US, USSR, britain, and france over suez canal

biafran civil war

nigeria 1967 - westernized tribe tried to secede from the north-dominated government

quiet revolution

canada 1960s - political and social change in quebec

zionist movement + birth of israel + multiple wars

establish land for jews

state established in palestine, colonization of palestine

six day war, yom-kippur war, israel vs. everyone else

hamas

faction that controlled gaza

india and pakistan separate countries

1947 - britain divided hindu india and muslim pakistan

- chaotic and violent partition

- kashmir conflict

women gain power in south asia

sri lanka - world’s first female prime minister bandaranaike

india - indira gandhi

pakistan - benazir bhutto

julius nyerere

first president of tanzania. instituted african socialist political and economic ideas

camp david accords

peace agreement between prime minister menachem begin (israel) and president anwar sadat of egypt

khmer rouge

communist guerilla organization. overthrew right winf government of cambodia

age of terrorism + conflict in ireland + franco dictatorship

roman catholics v. protestant conflicts

francisco Franco ruled in spain

brezhnev doctrine

soviet union + its allies would intervene if an action by one member threatened other socialist countries

detente, SALT, reagan + gorbachev, the thaw + end of USSR

relaxation of strained relations

strategic arms limition treaty

increase tensions between US and USSR

slow end to soviet union