A-Level OCR Psychology (Research Methods)

studied byStudied by 9 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Generalisability

1 / 52

53 Terms

1

Generalisability

to the extent which findings from one sample or situation can be applied to another sample to situation

New cards
2

Reliability

The consistency of measure

New cards
3

Internal Reliability

the consistency of results of a test across item within the test

New cards
4

External Reliability

the extent to which a test produces the same results in the same situation with the same people or the extent to which a test score varies from one time to another

New cards
5

Validity

how accurate a piece of research or test is at measuring what it aims to measure

New cards
6

Demand Characteristics

cues or features of an experiment or situation that indicate to participants the aim of the study and so influence their behaviour

New cards
7

Social Desirability

the tendency of participants to respond or behave in ways they think reflect what is acceptable in society rather than how they actually want to respond or behave

New cards
8

Researcher Bias

the tendency for a researcher to act in ways that influence the results due to such things as their own beliefs, culture and gender

New cards
9

Observer Bias

the tendency for an observer to "see what they want to see" and so record behaviours they believe should or will occur rather than recording behaviour that actually occur.

New cards
10

Researcher Effects

negative influences researchers can have on a study by things like their presence, beliefs, culture and gender

New cards
11

Observer Effects

Influences that observers can have on a study by things like their presence, beliefs, culture and gender.

New cards
12

Informed Consent

participants should have sufficient knowledge about a study to decide whether or not they want to agree to take part

New cards
13

Right To Withdraw

participants should be aware that they can remove themselves and their data from the study at any time

New cards
14

Confidentiality

participants results and personal information should be kept safe and not released to anyone outside the study

New cards
15

Protection of the Participant

Participants should not be put at any greater physical or psychological risk than they would expect in their everyday lives

New cards
16

Debrief

a full explanation of the aims and potential consequences of a study should be given to participants after they have taken part to ensure they leave in the same condition they arrived in

New cards
17

Deception

participants should not deliberately be misinformed about the aim or the procedure of the study

New cards
18

Lab Experiment

manipulates the independant variable strict control over extraneous variables standardised procedures in a controlled environment

New cards
19

Advantages of lab experiments

increased control and accurate measurements. due to standardised procedures, results are easy to repeat and replicate

New cards
20

Disadvantages of lab experiments

can produce unnatural behaviour and demand characteristics low ecological validity

New cards
21

Quasi Experiment

independent variable is changed by natural occurence

New cards
22

Advantages of Quasi experiments

high ecological validity, natural change is being investigated less risk of experimenter bias

New cards
23

Disadvantages of Quasi Experiments

harder to replicate harder to infer - little control over extraneous variables

New cards
24

Field Experiment

deliberately manipulates independent variables in natural environments

New cards
25

Advantages of field experiments

less risk of demand characteristics high ecological validity

New cards
26

Disadvantages of field experiments

lack of control over variables - more bias from extraneous difficult to replicate

New cards
27

Research question

a question based on an event or a previous study

New cards
28

Research aim

what is the research trying to discover specifically

New cards
29

Null hypothesis

a testable statement saying that any difference or relationship is due to chance. nothing will happen

New cards
30

Alternative hypothesis

a testable statement saying there will be a difference or relationship.

New cards
31

Opportunity sampling

selecting people who are available at the time of the study

New cards
32

advantages of opportunity sampling

easiest method, takes less time

New cards
33

disadvantages of opportunity sampling

biased because the sample is drawn from a small part of the target population

New cards
34

Random sampling

participants selected randomly

New cards
35

advantages of random sampling

unbiased, all members of a target population have an equal chance of getting selected

New cards
36

disadvantages of random sampling

takes more time

New cards
37

self selected sampling

asking for volunteers

New cards
38

advantages of self selected sampling

convenient, participants less likely to drop out

New cards
39

disadvantages of self selected sampling

biased, volunteers likely to be much more motivated

New cards
40

Snowball sampling

referrals from initial participants

New cards
41

advantages of snowball sampling

enables researchers to locate groups of people who are difficult to access

New cards
42

disadvantages of snowball sampling

sample is not likely to be a good cross section from the population

New cards
43

Sampling bias

testing people from one culture

New cards
44

ethnocentrism

assuming ones own culture is superior and that behaviour from one culture can be generalised to other cultures

New cards
45

Repeated measures

same subjects in each condition

New cards
46
  • repeated measures

subject variables are kept consistent fewer subjects needed

New cards
47
  • repeated measures

order effects can produce errors demand characteristics

New cards
48

independent measures

different subjects in each condition

New cards
49
  • independent measures

order effects do no influence second condition demand characteristics are not an issue same test can be used

New cards
50
  • independent measures

subject variables differ more subjects requiresd

New cards
51

Matched pairs

different but similar subjects in each condition

New cards
52
  • matched pairs

subject variables kept constant order effects do not occur same test can be used

New cards
53
  • matched pairs

subject variables can never be perfectly matched time consuming more subjects required

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 31 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 36 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard24 terms
studied byStudied by 77 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard34 terms
studied byStudied by 5 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard101 terms
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard37 terms
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard41 terms
studied byStudied by 2 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard45 terms
studied byStudied by 2 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard36 terms
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard50 terms
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)