Chapter 23 Practice Quiz Vocabulary

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 23 practice quiz.

The breakdown of large molecules into their building blocks by digestive secretions.

Maceration

The initial site of mechanical and chemical digestion.

Oral Cavity

The outer histological layer of the digestive tract for retroperitoneal organs.

Adventitia

The type of epithelium found in the mucosa of the esophagus providing abrasion resistance.

Non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

The inner, mucous membrane layer of the digestive tract often with folds to increase surface area..

Mucosa

A double sheet of parietal peritoneum attaching the small intestine to the body wall.

Mesentery Proper

A double sheet of parietal peritoneum attaching the large intestine to the body wall.

Mesocolon

A piece of mesentery that divides the left and right lobes of the liver and anchors it to the body wall anteriorly.

Falciform ligament

The technical term for the lips.

Labia

The technical term for the medial, dangling portion of the soft palate.

Uvula

The salivary glands found on the floor of the mouth, medial and inferior to the mandible.

Submandibular glands

The portion of a tooth within the bony socket.

Root

The outer layer of our teeth, made of our hardest biological substance.

Enamel

The visible portion of the tooth.

Crown

A conical/sharp tooth with a single root.

Canine

The number of teeth found in an adult without wisdom teeth.

28

The opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes.

Esophageal hiatus

The common passageway for food and air.

Pharynx

The J-shaped expansion of the digestive tract with an extra (oblique) layer of smooth muscle to assist in mechanical churning of food and glands that produce acid and a proteolytic enzyme.

Stomach

The cells of the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

Parietal cells

The region of the stomach located superior to the junction with the esophagus, in contact with the diaphragm muscle, and where gases can accumulate.

Fundus

The ring of muscle that regulates the flow of material from the stomach to the small intestine.

Pyloric sphincter

The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Small intestine

The structure with the most prominent circular folds (plicae) for increased absorption.

Jejunum

The lymphatic capillary within each finger-like projection of the intestinal wall that picks up lipids from the digestive tract.

Lacteals

The last, longest section of the small intestine with fewer folds and aggregated lymphoid nodules.

Ileum

The part of the digestive tract that serves to reabsorb water, absorb vitamins, and store feces (and has abundant goblet cells).

Large intestine

The ribbon of longitudinal smooth muscle of the large intestine that aids in peristalsis and helps create pouches.

Teniae coli

The portion of the large intestine that travels to the left across the abdomen.

Transverse colon

The expanded pouch that forms the beginning of the large intestine.

Cecum

The portion of the large intestine that travels inferiorly on the left side of the abdomen.

Descending colon

The voluntary sphincter at the end of the digestive tract that is composed of skeletal muscle.

External anal sphincter

The minor lobe of the liver adjacent to the inferior vena cava.

Caudate lobe

The minor lobe of the liver adjacent to the gallbladder.

Quadrate lobe

The liver cell type found in the liver sinusoids that remove worn out erythrocytes from circulation and engulf pathogens.

Stellate macrophages

The largest visceral organ in the body, located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen.

Liver

The component of bile transport that forms from the merger of the two ducts from the liver's right and left lobes.

Common hepatic duct

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions directly from the ___.

Common bile duct and pancreatic duct