Unit 5 exam Lewis sem.1

How did the Industrial Revolution begin?

With the textile industry in Britain, when machines replaced humans in the manufacture of textiles 

What inventions were created during the Industrial Revolution that aided in easier and cheaper production?

Spinning Jenny, water frame, power loom

What did the population/immigration look like during the Industrial Revolution?

People start to move from farms to cities.

Attracted immigration, and immigrants helped further the economy 

what are interchangeable parts?

created by Eli Whitney first related to muskets, and becomes the basis of modern mass production.

What is the cotton gin?

Created by Eli Whitney that makes removal of seeds from cotton easier.

What are the effects of the cotton gin?

Creates a booming market for slaves, cotton production rises 6,000 percent, many farmers switch to production of cotton, need for slave labor increases

Who is Eli Whitney?

Developed interchangeable parts and the cotton gin

What are railroads?

The most significant mode of transportation. By 1840 more than 3,000 miles of railroad are in the US. 

What strengthens gender norms(house is a women’s sphere)?

The Market Revolution

What is Market Revolution?

Where people make a living buying and selling goods

Where are railroads more common?

In the North 

What was industrialization and urbanization like in the North?

People start to move to cites to look for work. People must look outside of the family for healthcare and education, as well as food and clothing. Many new people arriving on the cities are forced to live in tenements and workers are forced to work long hours for little pay.

What was industrialization and urbanization like in the South?

Most people still rely on farming for their living (esp. cotton), as a result most southerners live in small villages

Is the North more agricultural/rural or industrialized?

Industrialized

Is the south more agricultural/rural or industrialized?

Agricultural/rural

What is slavery like in the South?

Slaves were represented as a considerable investment for the owner and are important on large plantations (esp. for cotton production)

What slave rebellions were held in the South?

-rebellion by Denamrk Vesey in SC

-turners rebellion, that kills 50 whites 

What is McCulloch v. Maryland?

Gave Congress the authority to establish a national bank (elastic clause)

What is Gibbons v. Ogden?

States the federal government has the right to regulate interstate commerce, expands federal power, and states federal law takes precedence over state law

What were the effects of Gibbons v. Ogden in relation to navigation?

Struck down monopoly over steamboat navigation and the gave the federal government right to regulate the navigation 

What is interstate commerce?

Business between state lines, is subject to federal regulation

What is the elastic clause?

Congress can pass laws necessary and proper for the function of government (“implied power”)

Why was the Monroe doctrine instituted?

President Monroe looked to easer relations with Great Britain

What did the Monroe Doctrine state?

1. The U.S. will not become involved in internal European matters

2.  The US recognizes existing European colonies in the New World

3. The US will not permit further colonization in the New World

4. Any action to interfere in the new world would be seen as a hostile act 

What was the results of the election of 1824?

Jackson did not have a majority, so the presidency was awarded to Adams. And Adams appoints clay as Secretary of State.

What is known as a “corrupt bargain”?

When adams appointed clay as Secretary of State in the election of 1824

Who is known as “the man of the people”?

Andrew Jackson

Who was the first president to be born west of appalachians?

Andrew Jackson 

Who believed in a limited government and awarded his followers through patronage(government jobs) ?

Andrew Jackson

What is another term for the way Andrew Jackson awarded his followers through patronage(government jobs)?

“Spoils system”

What is the nullification/tariff crisis?

Congress passed a tariff that favored the North but not the South, that stated South Carolina states can notify or reject federal law they see as unconstitutional. When another tariff is added SC threatened to secede from the union, but Clay reaches a compromise 

Why was the Indian removal act passed?

As the nation grows, many in the US look to relocate natives to the west of the Mississippi 

What is the Indian removal act?

Passed by Andrew Jackson that authorized the president to take land from native Americans and give the Indians land from the Louisiana purchase

What is Worcester v. Georgia?

Georgia took 9million acres of land from natives. Reverend Worcester(cherokees) challenged Georgia. The Supreme Court backed the Indians, but Jackson defied the court and ordered the removal of Indians

What initiates the trail of tears?

Worcester v. Georgia 

What is the trail of tears?

116 day march that Uploaded more than 10,000 natives and forcely immigrated them to Indian territory. 4,000 natives died.

How did Andrew Jackson view the bank of the US?

As a “monster” controlled by a small group of wealthy easterners

Why did Jackson opponent look to recharter the bank in 1832?

In order to make it a factor in the election

What is the bank crisis?

When Jackson was reelected, the national republicans never recover from the defeat and join the Whig party. Jackson pulls all federal deposits out of the bank(killing it) and places the money in pet-banks to those loyal to him. This causes the banks to flood the market with un-regulated paper money 

What furthers the boom-bust cycle?

The bank crisis

What are the republican virtues?

1. Self-reliance

2. Hard work

3. Frugality 

4. Harmony 

5. Sacrifice

What is Websters dictionary?

The first American dictionary of the English language created by Noah Webster. it helped standardize English language in the US

What is the second great awakening?

Period of intense, religious revival, emphasizing personal faith in Jesus for salvation and a transformed life leading to new denominations and social changes like the AME and church of Jesus Christ and the latter-day Saints(Mormons). and it contributed to social shifts like the market revolution and urbanization.

What did the second great awakening focus on?

Reason instead of promoting the Bible is ultimate authority(contrasted with enlightenment)

What was influenced by German romantic philosophers and was influential on American literature?

Transcendalism

What is transcendalism?

Rejects empiricist theories of John Locke, such as truth comes from the senses and observations

Who is Ralph Waldo Emerson?

Taught self-reliance

Who is Henry David Thoreau?

Wrote Walden, which describes experiment in simple living (civil disobedience)

What is the temperance movement?

When people preached against the evils of drinking and encouraged abstinence. people believe drunkenness files the sanctity of a family, and harms the new kingdom of heaven on earth. A society was formed that gave pledges pamphlets and lectures.

Why did the temperance movement face opposition in the south?

Because it was tax supported

What is the education movement?

campaigned for better school houses, longer terms, higher pay, and expanded curriculum. It aided publications like Webster’s dictionary.

Who led the education movement?

Horace Mann

what is the abolition movement?

Some encourage blacks to return to Africa and create the nation of Liberia/Monrovia. but most blacks consider themselves Americans because all southern slaves at the time were born in the United States not Africa.

Who is the leader of the abolition movement?

Frederick Douglass who had a white father and a slave mother who was freed

Who were the first major proponents of the abolition movement?

The Quakers

Who is Harriet Tubman?

And escape the slave who was one of the conductors of the underground railroad 

What is the underground railroad?

Network of routes for slaves to escape from the south

How did the people in the north view abolitionism?

They wanted to contain slavery to the south because they saw blacks as competition for labor, inferior, and thought slavery was a divisive issue with the south

How did the south view abolitionism?

Slavery is economic necessity, many feared the free slaves, and they even put in a gag rule to end discussion on slavery unless spoken about in Congress

What economic state did the north have in slavery?

New England had textile mills and bought Southern cotton, and southern farmers of northern banks 300 million in debt

What is the Seneca Falls convention?

Advocates suffrage/right to vote for a woman

Who organized the Seneca Falls convention?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

What is the declaration of sentiments?

Demands equal rights and is the starting point for modern women’s movement(ex. women start to enter into professions they were previously restricted from)

what did the states right support?

A smaller federal government(culture, immigration, economics, tariffs, slavery)

What is the Irish potato famine?

Killed 2 million, heightened ethic/sectarian conflict, causes of political uprising in Europe and causes more immigration in the US(esp. among Irish and germans)

What religion did the Irish and German bring?

Catholicism

What was immigration for the Irish and Germans like?

They compete for jobs often working for lower wages faced discrimination

Why did the immigration of the Irish in German cause politicaltension between the north and south?

Because most immigrants settled in the north

What is the order of the Star-Spangled Banner?

as a result of the rise and immigration some Americans turned to nativism(restriction of immigration), an anti-immigrant movement, they form a society and become known as know-nothings, because if I asked about the party, they answered, “I know nothing.”

How did the north feel about tariffs?

The favored tariff to protect northern industries

How did the south feel about tariffs?

The south was against tariffs because there was a higher cost for imports, and they feared other countries would impose, retaliatory terrorist against southern cotton

Who wrote uncle toms cabin?

Harriet Beecher Stowe

What is uncle toms cabin?

About the slave, uncle Tom and his evil master Simon Legree. Very popular in north, while the, south condemned the books as unfair

What was written as a response to fugitive slave act, Written as a response to fugitive slave act, which many in north refused to comply?

Uncle toms cabin 

What is the Missouri compromise?

there were 11 free states and 11 slave states. Missouri  wanted to enter the union as a slave state, upsetting the balance. As a result, Missouri would enter the union as a slave state and Maine carved out of Massachusetts would enter as a free state.

What rule was admired about what states can enter slave or free?

Staves above 36 30 degrees will Niger free, and those below will enter as slave

What is the Compromise of 1850?

-California will be admitted as a free state & New Mexico and Utah will decide for themselves wether to enter the union as a free state or slave states

-Congress will abolish the sale of slaves in DC, but not slavery itself

-fugitive slave act passed

What is the fugitive slave act?

Came form compromise of 1850. requiring all citizens to work for the return of fugitive slaves. In other words, any northerner could be deputized to aid in the capture of slaves. If one refused they are liable to fines/jail.

What were the effects of the compromise of 1850?

• Southerners are not happy with compromise

• The North is not happy because of the fugitive slave act

• delays true debate about the existence of slavery, esp. in the West.

Who is Henry clay?

Senator of Kentucky who is an extremist and offers deal in compromise of 1850

Who did the south and north decry because they passed the Missouri compromise?

Henry clay

What act was meant to counter and bait the Gadsden purchase, southern expansion, and to break deadlock in the government over slavery in the west?

Kansas-Nebraska act

Who proposed the Kansas Nebraska act in order to gain support from southern Democrats?

Senator Stephen Douglas

What is the Kansas Nebraska act?

Nebraska territory split into Kansas and Nebraska. The act allows each state to decide whether they want to be free or sleeve.

What act nullified the Missouri compromise(1820) and the compromise of 1850(fugitive slave act)?

Kansas-Nebraska act

How does the south feel about the Kansas Nebraska act?

Supports it and thought of it as their own way to gain another slave territory

How did the north feel about the Kansas Nebraska act?

Saw Missouri as a moral issue and we’re willing to fight slavery in every territory

Did democrats or Republicans live south ?

Democrats.

Did Democrats or Republicans live north?

Republicans

What is “bleeding Kansas”?

The New England immigrant company sent 2000 people with new rifles, violence or robs in 1856 when pro sleeve element newspaper offices in Lawrence Kansas an abolitionist John Brown, retaliates by killing five from a nearby pro slave settlement

What is Scott v. Stanford (dred scott decision)?

Side slaves were not citizens and could not sue, Congress could not deprive slaveholders of their property(5th amendment)

What court case was known as sweeping judgment(went further than the initial case itself)?

Scott v. Stanford

How was the Scott V stand for decision a sweeping judgment?

Because the 1820 Missouri compromise was declared unconstitutional and declared Congress cannot ban slavery from territory

Who is John Brown?

• Kills five from a nearby pro slave settlement as retaliation

• Attack the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in hopes to lead slave rebellion