Final - Art

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235 Terms

1

Drawing

A form of visual art that involves marking paper or other two-dimensional surfaces with a tool to create images.

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2

Direction Activity

An exercise involving following verbal instructions to create a drawing.

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3

Preliminary Drawings

Draft sketches created by artists that allow for experimentation before a final artwork is executed.

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4

Cartoon

A full-scale drawing used in fresco painting to transfer the design onto a wall.

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5

Metal Point

A drawing medium that involves using a metal stylus on specially treated paper.

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6

Chiaroscuro

The treatment of light and shadow in drawing to create a sense of volume.

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7

Photo Realism

An art style that involves creating drawings that are extremely detailed and resemble high-resolution photographs.

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8

Pastels

Art materials made of pigment and a binder used for creating colorful drawings.

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9

Oil Sticks

Solidified oil paint mixed with wax, used as a drawing medium.

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10

Ink Wash

A technique in drawing where diluted ink is applied to create shading and depth.

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11

Matisse's Cut-Outs

Artworks created by Henri Matisse toward the end of his life using colored paper cut into shapes.

<p>Artworks created by Henri Matisse toward the end of his life using colored paper cut into shapes.</p>
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12

Edward Hopper

An American painter known for his evocative depictions of urban life, particularly in works like 'Nighthawks.'

<p>An American painter known for his evocative depictions of urban life, particularly in works like &apos;Nighthawks.&apos;</p>
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13

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance artist recognized for his drawings and painting, known for works like 'The Last Supper' and studies of human anatomy.

<p>Renaissance artist recognized for his drawings and painting, known for works like &apos;The Last Supper&apos; and studies of human anatomy.</p>
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14

Sketch

A preliminary drawing used as a guide for a more finished artwork.

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15

Charcoal

A drawing medium made from burnt wood, available in various forms for different effects.

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16

Graphite

A common drawing medium used in pencils, varying in hardness and darkness.

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17

Kara Walker

An artist known for her cut-out silhouettes that address themes of race and identity.

<p>An artist known for her cut-out silhouettes that address themes of race and identity.</p>
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18

Degas

A French artist renowned for his paintings and pastels of ballet dancers.

<p>A French artist renowned for his paintings and pastels of ballet dancers.</p>
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19

Renaissance Art

Art produced during the Renaissance period, characterized by a revival of classical ideas and techniques.

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20

Innovative Drawing Materials

Non-traditional tools and mediums used for drawing, expanding the definition of what can be classified as art.

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21

Renaissance

Translates from the Italian word "Renacimiento," meaning "rebirth"; a period marking the revival of knowledge and learning after the Dark Ages.

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22

Early Renaissance

The phase of the Renaissance occurring in the 1300s characterized by the Church in Tow period.

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23

Quattrocento

The term referring to the 1400s, representing the middle period of the Renaissance.

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24

High Renaissance

The final phase of the Renaissance occurring in the 1500s, marked by the flourishing of arts and culture.

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25

Mimesis

An artistic term meaning to replicate or reproduce nature, reflecting the realistic representation in Renaissance art.

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26

Patrons

Wealthy individuals, families (like the Medici), and the Church that commissioned artworks during the Renaissance.

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27

Linear perspective

A mathematical system used by artists during the Renaissance to create the illusion of depth and space.

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28

Tempera paint

A fast-drying painting medium made from colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder, often egg yolk.

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29

Fresco painting

A technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid wet plaster, allowing the paint to become an integral part of the wall.

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30

Sack of Rome

The event that occurred in 1527 when Rome was attacked, leading to significant loss of life and marking the decline of the Renaissance.

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31

The Last Supper

A famous mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci depicting the final meal of Jesus with his apostles, notable for its linear perspective.

<p>A famous mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci depicting the final meal of Jesus with his apostles, notable for its linear perspective.</p>
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32

Pietà

A sculptural depiction of Mary holding the body of Jesus after his crucifixion, created by Michelangelo.

<p>A sculptural depiction of Mary holding the body of Jesus after his crucifixion, created by Michelangelo.</p>
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33

Madonna

A representation of Mary, the mother of Jesus, commonly depicted in various forms during the Renaissance.

<p>A representation of Mary, the mother of Jesus, commonly depicted in various forms during the Renaissance.</p>
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34

Mannerism

An artistic style that emerged in the late Renaissance characterized by abnormal proportions, exaggerated poses, and unconventional spatial relationships.

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35

Chiaroscuro

The use of strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects and figures.

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36

Saint Peter

The first Pope and a central figure in Christianity, depicted in various Renaissance artworks as a symbol of church authority.

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37

Civic bodies

Local governments or organizations that may commission art but are less frequent patrons than wealthy families or the church during the Renaissance.

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38

Giotto

An early Renaissance artist known for his frescoes and contributions to the development of realistic painting.

<p>An early Renaissance artist known for his frescoes and contributions to the development of realistic painting.</p>
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39

Statue of David

A renowned sculpture by Michelangelo representing the biblical hero David, symbolizing the ideal human form and Renaissance ideals.

<p>A renowned sculpture by Michelangelo representing the biblical hero David, symbolizing the ideal human form and Renaissance ideals.</p>
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40

Twelve Apostles

The disciples of Jesus, depicted in various Renaissance artworks, particularly in relation to the Last Supper.

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41

Botticelli

An artist of the early Renaissance known for works like ‘The Birth of Venus’ and significant contributions to the painting of Madonna images.

<p>An artist of the early Renaissance known for works like ‘The Birth of Venus’ and significant contributions to the painting of Madonna images.</p>
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42

Crystal Palace

A gigantic structure built in 1851 by Joseph Paxton, located in London and housing the first World's Fair.

<p>A gigantic structure built in 1851 by Joseph Paxton, located in London and housing the first World&apos;s Fair.</p>
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43

Skeleton and Skin System

A construction technique in which a strong supporting material is used to create a structure, covered by a protective outer layer or 'skin'.

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44

Arts and Crafts Movement

An artistic movement founded by William Morris as a reaction against mechanization, emphasizing the beauty and utility of art based on natural forms.

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45

William Morris

An influential artist, craftsman, and writer who founded the Arts and Crafts movement and established Morris & Company.

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46

Kelmscott Press

A printing press founded by William Morris in 1888, known for its beautiful publications, including the complete works of Chaucer.

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47

Art Nouveau

A design style characterized by organic and curvilinear forms, which embraced new materials and technologies, prominent in the late 1800s.

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48

Art Deco

A design style defined by 90-degree angles, straight lines, and geometric shapes that became popular in the 1920s and 1930s.

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49

De Stijl

A Dutch artistic movement focused on simplicity and abstraction, characterized by geometric forms and primary colors, emerging after World War I.

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50

Russian Constructivism

An art and design movement that emerged in Russia post-1917 and emphasized geometric forms and social utility.

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51

Streamlining

An American design style characterized by aerodynamically designed forms that emphasize efficiency, popularized in the mid-1930s.

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52

Bauhaus

An influential art and design school established in Germany in 1919 that promoted the equal importance of various art forms and modernist principles.

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53

Walter Gropius

The founder of the Bauhaus, recognized for his innovative architectural designs and modernist ideology.

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54

László Moholy-Nagy

A teacher at the Bauhaus known for his contributions to photography and graphic design.

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55

Josef Albers

An influential artist at the Bauhaus known for graphic design and glass-making, later recognized for his work in color theory.

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56

Oskar Schlemmer

A Bauhaus director known for his contributions to theater and sculpture.

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57

Marcel Breuer

An architect and designer famous for developing the steel-tubed chair, notably the Vasily chair created at the Bauhaus.

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58

Nam June Paik

An artist associated with the Bauhaus known for his innovative sculptures incorporating multimedia and technology.

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59

Sculpture

A three-dimensional work of art created by shaping or combining materials.

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60

Subtractive Process

A method of sculpting where material is removed from a block to create a form, typically through carving.

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61

Additive Process

A method of sculpting where material is added to create a form, including techniques like modeling, casting, and assemblage.

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62

Carving

A subcategory of the subtractive process where material such as wood or stone is chipped away to form a sculpture.

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63

Contrapposto

A sculptural stance where the hips and legs are positioned differently than the shoulders and head, creating a sense of natural weight shift.

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64

High Relief

A type of relief sculpture where the figures project significantly from the background, offering a three-dimensional quality.

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65

Low Relief (Bas-Relief)

A type of relief sculpture where the figures are minimally projected from the background, appearing almost flat.

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66

Votive Cup

A type of ancient artwork, typically made of metal, that signifies a religious offering or dedication, often found in archaeological contexts.

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67

Lost-Wax Casting

A sophisticated method of metal casting where a molten material is poured into a mold created from a wax model that is melted away.

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68

Assemblage Art

A form of sculpture that combines non-art elements, often everyday objects or materials, to create a new work.

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69

Earthwork

An art form where the landscape itself is the primary element, often created using natural materials found on-site.

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70

Entropy

The natural process where things move from order to disorder over time, often applied in discussions of art and nature.

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71

Installation Art

Art that is designed to transform a particular space, often involving multiple pieces that are considered as one work.

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72

Spiral Jetty

An earthwork created by artist Robert Smithson in 1970, made of earth and rocks, that spirals into the Great Salt Lake.

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73

The Burghers of Calais

A sculpture by Auguste Rodin depicting French leaders who volunteered to sacrifice themselves during a siege.

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74

Pepi II

An Egyptian sculpture showing the child and Pharaoh of Egypt, notable for its solid and geometric form.

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75

Hermes and Dionysus

A classical sculpture illustrating the figures of Hermes and Dionysus, notable for its dynamic contrapposto stance.

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76

Robert Arneson

A contemporary sculptor known for his handmade quality in modeling, particularly with ceramics.

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77

Kara Walker

An artist known for her installation art featuring silhouettes that tell stories, often addressing themes of race and history.

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78

Richard Serra

A contemporary artist known for large-scale metal sculptures, including the controversial Tilted Arc.

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79

Negative Space

The space around or between the subject(s) of an artwork, crucial in sculptural compositions.

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80

Diorite

A very hard stone used in sculpture that is notably challenging to carve.

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81

Lithic Materials

Refers to stone and mineral-based materials used in sculpture, often emphasizing durability.

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82

Alabaster

A soft stone used for carving, known for its translucence and ease of work.

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83

Sarcophagus

A stone coffin, typically adorned with sculpture or inscriptions, often used in ancient burial practices.

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84

Salvador Dali

A surrealist artist known for his imaginative assemblage works and dream-like imagery.

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85

Edward Kienholz

An assemblage artist known for his provocative and often controversial installations.

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86

Performance Art

A live art form involving performance as the medium, highlighting the relationship between the artist and the audience.

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87

Bronze Age

A historical period characterized by the use of bronze for tools and sculptures, beginning around 2500 BC.

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88

Performance Art

A conceptual activity where the importance lies with the idea rather than the physical work itself.

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89

Allan Kaprow

Known as the father of performance art; credited with developing the concept of happenings.

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90

Happenings

Early forms of performance art that occurred in non-traditional spaces, performed according to a plan but without rehearsal or audience.

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91

Heroic Gesture

A method of creating art that involves physically using the body to express creativity, associated with artists like Jackson Pollock.

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92

Conceptual Activity

Art that focuses on the idea and concept behind the work rather than the artwork itself.

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93

Dada

An art movement that emerged after World War I, which laid the groundwork for conceptual art.

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94

Vito Acconci

A prominent performance artist known for works like 'Trademarks' and 'The Step Piece'.

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95

Chris Burden

An influential performance artist known for provocative works such as 'Shoot' and 'Transfixed'.

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96

Marina Abramović

Referred to as the grandmother of performance art, known for works like 'Rhythm 10' and 'The Artist is Present'.

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97

Time and Space in Performance Art

Performance art often breaks down traditional concepts of time and space, removing the frame surrounding the work.

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98

Action Painting

A style of painting characterized by the application of paint through expressive, physical gestures.

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99

Edgar Degas

An Impressionist artist credited by Allan Kaprow for influencing performance art.

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100

Documentational Photography

A method often used in performance art to capture and record artworks that are ephemeral in nature.

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