PCC 274 Exams 3 Study Guide (10, 16, 17, Bundy)

Short tandem repeats (STRs) targeted for routine DNA casework belong to the

nuclear genome

The number of short tandem repeat (STR) loci required to be typed for forensic DNA casework in the United States is

20

The refractive index of a substance varies with

Its temperature

The wavelength of the light passing through it

The color of the light passing through it

From our lecture, Laser stands for

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

What are the two main types of DNA variation?

1. Mitochondrial polymorphism

2. Nuclear polymorphism

What is the main ingredient in ordinary glass?

Sand

Which of these states did Ted Bundy kill his victims in?

Washington, Oregon, Colorado, Utah, and Florida

If an object is immersed in a liquid of greater density, it will:

Float

Arson investigators must work quickly to collect evidence at a fire scene because:

Accelerant residues may quickly evaporate

Safety requirements may require that cleanup and salvage operations begin quickly

Accelerants in soil may rapidly degrade

In current practice, simultaneous separation of multiple STR loci on a capillary electrophoresis instrument is achieved by:

Differences in the fluorescent dye associated with STRS

Differences in the amplified STR lengths

A fuel can only achieve combustion in:

The gaseous state

CODIS, the national DNA database of short-tandem repeats profiles:

Was created in 1994 and each state/territory uploads profiles from convicted offenders

Does not permit searching of victim profiles

Is maintained at a national level by the FBI

The presence of three peaks (alleles) for at least one short tandem repeat (STR) locus in a profile indicates the sample is:

From multiple sources/contributors

The four phases of a fire progression are (in correct order)...

1. Incipient

2. Emergent Smoldering

3. Free Burning

4. Oxygen-related Smoldering

Which chemical reaction is associated with a fire?

Oxidation

Which is NOT an intensive property of matter?

Weight

Which is an intensive property of matter?

Density

Refractive Index

Temperature

Movement of heat through a solid object is caused by:

Conduction

The process of a glass prism separating sunlight into component colors is called:

Dispersion

What is NOT true about primary explosives?

They are very stable

What is true about primary explosives?

They will detonate violently

They. are. used in blasting caps

They are very unstable

Examples) Lead azide and lead syphnate

What information can Quantitative PCR (qPCR) provide?

Amount of DNA

Quality of nuclear DNA

NOT: Detection of STR, DNA profile match

Which is a homemade explosive that has been used by terrorist organizations in the Middle East?

TATP

Which is a chemical used to synthesize the explosive TATP?

Hydrogen Peroxide

and Acetone

(Triacetone triperoxide)

A Low explosive has a velocity of detonation less than:

1000 meters per second

A High explosive has a velocity of detonation of

1,000 - 8,500 meters per second

Detonate almost instantaneously

Primary Explosives are:

Ultra-sensitive to heat, shock, or friction

Provide the major ingredients found in blasting caps or primers used to detonate other explosives.

Secondary Explosives are

Relatively insensitive to heat, shock, or friction

Will normally burn rather than detonate if ignited in small quantities in the open air.

The following chemical structure represents the ________ explosive.

C9H18O6

H3C / CH3 / O

TATP (Triacetone triperoxide)

For our lectures, IMS is an acronym that means:

Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Evidence collection of fire debris is collected in

Paint Cans

What's the amount needed for traditional DNA typing?

1 ng

A fiber whose microscopic appearance includes being ribbon-like in shape (flat) with twists at irregular intervals is:

Cotton

What are the four basic methods of heat production?

1. Electrical

2. Mechanical

3. Nuclear

4. Chemical

DNA is a:

Polymer

The PCR technique requires the use of a thermal cycler to:

Copy DNA

[T or F] - Plastic bags are suitable to store evidence suspected of containing explosive residues.

False

[T or F] - A search of the fire scene must focus on finding the fire's point of origin.

True

[T or F] - Bombs made of High explosives must be detonated by an Initiating Explosion.

True

[T or F] - Secondary explosives are ultra-sensitive to heat.

False

[T or F] - Backdraft occurs at an explosive rate duet to the extreme temperatures being fueled by the new oxygen.

True

[T or F] - A first step in the forensic examination of fibers is to compare color and diameter.

True

[T or F] - Ted Bundy escaped from prison three times.

False

[T or F] - Mitochondrial DNA is used tot identify an individual with very high probability.

False

[T or F] - The boiling point of a substance is a chemical property.

False

[T or F] - Ted Bundy's mother believed that Ted was innocent even after his execution.

True

[LA] Define intensive property and name two intensive properties of matter.

Intensive properties do not depend on the quantity of matter -- Value does not depend on the amount of the substance for which it is measured.

Examples include

1. Density

2. Refractive Index

3. State of matter

4. Temperature

[LA] Describe the flotation method and explain what it is used for.

Used to find/compare the density of glass. In the flotation method, a glass

particle is immersed in a liquid.

The density of the liquid is carefully adjusted by the addition of small amounts of an appropriate liquid (mixture of bromoform and

bromobenzene) until the glass chip remains suspended in the liquid

medium.

At this point, the glass will have the same density as the liquid medium and can be compared to other relevant pieces of glass which will remain suspended, sink, or float.

[LA] Give two similarities between Ted Bundy and John Wayne Gacy

1. Both had familial issues:

- Bundy: the woman he had been led to believe was his sister was truly his mother.

- Gacy: all his life, his father had deprived him of love and affection.

2. Sexual motives

- Bundy: would often sexually molest/rape his victims before, during, or after killing them.

- Gacy would sexually molest/rape his victims too.

[LA] Give two differences between Ted Bundy and John Wayne Gacy

- Bundy crossed states from Washington, Oregon, Colorado, Utah, and Florida.

- Bundy murdered young women with brown, middle-parted hair.

- MO - stabbing

- Gacy operated mostly in the Chicago/Cook County/Midwest area.

- Gacy murdered young men.

- MO - tourniquet and strangling

[LA] Name three techniques used for the elemental analysis of glass (abbreviations are accepted) .

1. Scanning Electron Microscopy with an Energy

Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM - EDS)

2. X- Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF)

3. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission

Spectrometry (ICP - OES)

4. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

(ICP - MS)

5. Laser Ablation (LA) Inductively Coupled

Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP - MS)

6. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

[LA] Describe Ted Bundy MO and how he was arrested?

Bundy targeted brunette, petite Caucasian women aged 12 to 26 years old.

His method of obtaining the victims varied:

- Bundy would burglarize victim's homes and bludgeon them in their sleep, sometimes he would use an elaborate ruse, and sometimes he merely relied on his looks alone.

- Bundy would sometimes use a ruse to capture his victims.

- A fake cast, a sling, or use crutches to play on a potential victim's sympathy.

- He would ask them for the assistance of some kind, such as helping him put something in his car or asking for directions.

Victims were then struck in the head with a crowbar, shoved into his car, and forced to wear handcuffs.

His initial attacks involved him raping them (either with incidental objects found in the victim's bedroom or ones he brought with him) and then fatally bludgeoning them with a crowbar.

Before raping his victims, he would have them remove their clothing or take off his own clothing to prevent the authorities from finding any trace ev

[SA] Mentioned in the documentary, what was unusual about Bundy's family life?

The women he has been led to believe was his sister was actually his mother.

[SA] What distinguishes an explosion from combustion?

The speed at which a reaction occurs.

Explosion - a chemical reaction that produces heat and gases rapidly in an instant.

Combustion - a chemical reaction that produces heat and gases slowly for a certain time period.

[SA] Name three ways that DNA typing have been used.

1. Forensic Cases

- matching suspect with evidence

2. Paternity tests

- identifying father

3. Mass disasters

- putting pieces back together

4. Historical investigations

- confirmation of an artifact belonging to individual

5. Convicted felon DNA databases

- determining identity of unknown criminals