NURS 3120 MODULE 1

Normal heart rate for adults

60-100 beats/min

How to measure radial pulse

Count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2.

Tachycardia

Exceeds normal pulse.

Bradycardia

Slower than normal pulse.

Asystole

No pulse.

Normal respiratory rate for adults

12-20 breaths/min.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing.

Bradypnea

Slower than expected respiratory rate, 8-12 breaths/min.

Tachypnea

Rapid persistent increase in respiratory rate, exceeding 20 breaths/min.

Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) range

Normal range is 92% to 99%.

SpO2 < 85%

Indicates inadequate oxygenation; possible emergency.

SpO2 of 100%

May indicate hyperoxemia.

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Maximum pressure during left ventricular contraction.

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

Minimum pressure during left ventricular relaxation.

Normal adult blood pressure range

90-120 mm Hg SBP; 60-80 mm Hg DBP.

Acute Pain

Sudden onset related to injury.

Chronic Pain

Lasts for more than 3 months.

Visceral Pain

Originates from abdominal organs.

Somatic Pain

Originates from bones, muscles, joints; sharp pain.

Phantom Pain

Neuropathic pain from a missing limb.

Nociplastic Pain

Pain with no identifiable cause, such as chronic low back pain.

SBAR

A communication framework: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation.

ADPIE

Nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.

OLDCARTS

Mnemonic for pain assessment: Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggregation/Alleviation, Timing, Severity.

Gate Control Theory

Theory suggesting pain is modulated by neural gates in the spinal cord.

Hand Hygiene

Most important transmission prevention strategy in healthcare.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Used to protect healthcare workers from exposure to pathogens.

Inspection

Observational technique used for gathering physical data.

Palpation

Use of touch to assess physical characteristics.

Auscultation

Listening to internal body sounds, usually using a stethoscope.

Documentation

The process of accurately recording patient data and care.

Never Events

Hospital-acquired complications that are preventable and lead to non-reimbursement.