APUSH 27-30

Germany in the war

great military power, bordered everyone, disrupted power balance leading to arms race

Oto Von Bismarck

prussia's chancellor, wanted to isolate france... he made the dual alliance so that France would have nobody to be alliances with, therefore isnt a threat

Dreadnought

A battleship with increased speed and power over conventional warships, developed by Great Britain to increase their naval arsenals. Carried 10 300mm guns mounted in 5 turrets. everybody started building them

Battle of Jutland

only real navy battle where they used dreadnoughts

USS Texas

only surviving US battleship that fought in both World War I and World War II, weapon of war

Georgie, Nicci, Willie

all cousins

Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand

assassinated by Serbian terrorists, immediate cause of WWI, heir to throne of Austria-Hungary

trench warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Maxim Gun

was invented in 1884 was the world's first automatic machine gun.

The Ossuary of Douaumont

ppl who died in verdun were buried here

Battle of Verdun

(1916) the longest battle of World War I; it ended in stalemate, with both sides suffering hundreds of thousands of casualties

British MkIV Tank

most successful tank at the time even tho it sucked

German Type I U-Boat

unrestricted sub warfare- not good we didnt like germany anymore

Lustinaia

British passenger liner sunk by a German U-Boat in World War 1, really made us hate germany fr

Arthur Zimmerman

Germany's Foreign Secretary who proposed an alliance with Mexico against the United States, another cause for the war

Why'd we go to war

•Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

•Banker's conspiracy

•Zimmerman Note

Woodrow wilson

runs again to keep us out of war, gets elected, immediately puts us into war

George Creel

Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

George M Cohan

American composer famous for his World War I songs: "Over There" and "You're A Grand Ole Flag"

Orville an Wilbur Wright

2 brothers who made bicycles in Dayton Ohio credited with building and successfully operating the first airplane

First Flight

Wright brothers fly for one minute at Kitty Hawk, NC in 1903.

Baron von Richthofen

Known as the "Red Baron" who fought for Germany in WW I. Shot down on April 21, 1918. He is credited with shooting down at least 80 of the Allies airplanes

Von Richthofen's Fokker Dr.I-

primary weapon of war, plane with gun

Captain Eddie Rickenbacker

Having shot down at least 29 enemy planes, he was America's leading ace pilot in the war

General John J Blackjack Pershing

led the American Expeditionary Force; urged that the AEF operate as an independent fighting force, under American command; was made General of the Armies of the United States, which is the highest rank given to an officer

Sgt. Alvin York

former conscientious objector, this American soldier won the Congressional Medal of Honor for capturing an entire German unit in WWI, most decorated

Big four

Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (french premier), David Lloyd George (british prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (italian prime minister)

Clemenceau

French statesman who played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Versailles (1841-1929) revenge

David Lloyd George

Britain's prime minister at the end of World War I whose goal was to make the Germans pay for the other countries' staggering war losses. money

Victorio Orlando

Italian prime minister who was premier of Italy during WWI. Also represented Italy at the Paris Peace Conference. land

wilson

peace love and forgiveness

Wilson's 14 Points

plan for world peace, divided into 3 parts, 1-5=issues addressed to avoid war, 6-14 dealt with boundery changes, rejected by allies

Wilson's 14th point

Creation of a League of Nations or International Peace-Keeping Organization to promote international security and stability and prevent future wars

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Navy officer whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its navy; wrote "The influence of Sea Power upon History"

reasons for american imperialism

desire for military strength, thirst for new markets, belief in cultural imperialism

midway island

A battle at which the US defeated the Japanese navy and established naval superiority in the Pacific

Queen Liliuokalani

the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests

sanford dole

1894 wealthy, plantation owner and politician who was named President of New Republic of Hawaii. He asked US to annex Hawaii. Dole pineapple

william randolph hurst

Pioneer in the kind of sensational reporting often called Yellow Journalism. Helped whip up hostility toward Spain, which led to the Spanish American war.

jose marti

Cuban poet and journalist who organized a guerilla revolution against Spain in 1895- "Cuba Libre" free Cuba was his battle cry-and sought US support and intervention. white horse guy

Valeriano Weyler

General sent by Spain to stop Cuban revolt, referred to as the "Butcher" because of harsh tactics "concentration camps, shooting civilian, ect.)

USS Maine enters Havana harbor

we think spain blew up the ship (they didnt) so we go to war

admiral george dewey

U.S. naval leader who sank the Spanish fleet stationed in Manila Bay; stating to an officer, "You may fire when ready, Gridley."

USS Iowa

we had superior ships fr

Emilion Aguinaldo

George washington of the Philippines

Fightin Joe Wheeler

served as major General in the Spanish American war

foraker act

gave the US direct control over and power to set up a government in Puerto Rico. territory

Jones-Shafroth Act

1917 Granted more citizenship rights and gave them more control over their legislature. Many Puerto Ricans still wanted the same rights as Americans. citizenship

dr walter reed

Doctor who was the head of the Army's Yellow Fever Commission. He proved that Yellow Fever and Malaria was transmitted by Mosquitoes.

John Philip Sousa

American bandmaster and composer who wrote comic operas and marches such as Stars and Stripes Forever (1897).

william mckinely

Imperialist president who annexed Hawaii and declared war on Spain,, the Republican candidate, accumulated approximately $15 million, 30 times the amount Bryan had, and allowed regulars to do the campaigning for him.

Czolgosz

assasinates mckinley

boxer rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

theodore roosevelt

wins nobel peace prize for treaty of portsmouth

panama canal

Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915.

USS missouri

The Battleship where the Japanese signed their unconditional surrender; 'Mighty MO'

pancho villa

A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata.

Progressive Movement

Reform movement aimed at addressing social, political, and economic issues

• Goals:

• Moral improvement (e.g., temperance)

• Social welfare (e.g., child labor laws, workplace reforms)

• Economic reform (e.g., trust-busting)

• Efficiency (e.g., scientific management in government & business)

The Muckrakers

Investigative journalists exposing corruption and societal issues

• Term coined by Theodore Roosevelt (from John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress)

Jacob Riis

Photographer, How the Other Half Lives (exposed urban poverty)

Theodore Dreiser

Novelist, wrote Sister Carrie & An American Tragedy (showed dangers of modern cities)

Ida Tarbell

Exposed Standard Oil & Rockefeller's corrupt practices

Lincoln Steffens

Investigated political corruption "Tweedism" (The Shame of the Cities)

Upton Sinclair

The Jungle, exposed meatpacking industry, led to the Pure Food and Drug Act & FDA

Florence Kelley

Advocate for child labor laws, workplace safety, co-founder of NAACP

Carry Nation

Temperance movement leader, known for smashing bars with a hatchet ("Hatchetations")

Ida B. Wells

Journalist, anti-lynching advocate, civil rights leader

Susan B. Anthony

Most famous women's suffrage advocate

Alice Paul

Suffragist, used aggressive tactics (hunger strikes, protests)

didn't work

Carrie Chapman Catt

Advocated for women's suffrage using peaceful protests & civil disobedience

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators (eliminates corruption)

Initiative

Citizens petition for laws

Referendum

Citizens vote directly on laws

Recall

Unscheduled election to remove an official

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Allowed unions to organize & limited monopolies

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Regulated big business but initially weak

Underwood Tariff Act

Lowered tariffs to help consumers

Income Tax (16th Amendment)

Graduated tax on income over $500K

Federal Reserve Act

Created the Federal Reserve System (regulated banking, controlled money supply)

Women's Suffrage (19th Amendment)

Gave women the right to vote

40-Hour Work Week

Encouraged to maintain a strong labor force

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)

Fire broke out, doors locked, 150+ workers trapped

• Led to workplace safety reforms

Galveston Hurricane (1900)

City destroyed, forced government efficiency reforms

Ludlow Massacre

Union strike turned violent, 21 dead (miners & families)

Square Deal

Focused on:

• Regulation of business (Hepburn Act, ICC oversight)

• Consumer protection (Pure Food & Drug Act)

• Conservation (National Parks, Antiquities Act)

Big Stick Policy

Diplomacy backed by military force

Roosevelt Corollary

expanded Monroe Doctrine, justified intervention

Panama Canal

Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915. done by TR

Great White Fleet

Displayed U.S. naval power around the world

William Howard Taft

Handpicked by TR, but lost his support

• Payne-Aldrich Tariff controversy (TR felt betrayed)

Woodrow Wilson

Progressive reforms but failed to stop segregation

• Led U.S. into WWI

Gifford Pinchot

Chief of Forestry, major conservationist

Birth of a Nation

First full-length film, screened at White House

• Glorified KKK, controversial impact

Harry Burn & the 19th Amendment

Tennessee representative, listened to his mother and cast the deciding vote for women's suffrage

Robert M. La Follette "Fighting Bob"

Progressive governor & senator from Wisconsin

• Leader of the "Wisconsin Idea" - Government should be run by experts, not politicians

John Muir

Naturalist & conservationist - Advocated for preserving wilderness & national parks

Robert Baden-Powell

Founder of the Boy Scouts (1908) in England

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General who rounded up many suspects who were thought to be un-American and socialistic; he helped to increase the Red Scare; he was nicknamed the "Fighting Quaker" until a bomb destroyed his home; he then had a nervous breakdown and became known as the "Quaking Fighter."

J. Edgar Hoover

Head of the FBI