Chapter 6: Internet, World Wide Web (WWW) And Email

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions from the lecture notes on Internet, World Wide Web, and Email.

Network

A collection of computers and other devices that can send data to and receive data from one another in real time, sharing resources such as data, a printer, an Internet connection, or applications.

Node

Each machine on a network. Most nodes are computers, but printers, routers, bridges, gateways, dumb terminals, photocopy machines, or smart TVs can also be nodes.

Host

Nodes that are fully functional computers.

Protocols

A set of rules and guidelines for communicating data.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A network limited to a small office, single building, or multiple buildings inside a campus, owned and maintained by a single organization.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A network that spans multiple geographic locations and is composed of multiple LANs, with connectivity solutions provided by Network Service Providers (ISPs).

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A network that covers a city or a large university campus, connecting users within an area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, often using fiber optics for high-speed data transfer.

Personal Area Network (PAN)

A network used to connect devices such as PCs, smartphones, and wireless headsets, typically using Bluetooth for short-range communication.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A service that lets you access the web safely and privately by routing your connection through a server and hiding your online actions, creating an encrypted connection known as a VPN tunnel.

Bus Topology

A network topology where each computer and network device are connected to a single cable or backbone, allowing other computers to still share files and data if one stops working.

Star Topology

A network topology where every node connects to a central network device such as a hub or switch, commonly used in home networks.

Ring Topology

A network topology where computers are connected to each other in a ring or circular form, with each computer connected to a computer on either side.

Tree Topology

A network topology in which many connected elements are arranged like the branches of a tree, with a root node and a hierarchy.

Hybrid Topology

A network topology that uses two or more different network topologies, such as a combination of bus, ring, star, and tree topologies.

Internet

A global network consisting of computer networks that connect millions of computers worldwide, providing various communication services.

ARPANET

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, an early packet switching network and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite.

World Wide Web (WWW)

A way of accessing information over the Internet, consisting of text and pictures to view on a computer, with electronic mail, file transfer protocol, and instant messaging also using the Internet.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A standard address that tells the browser how to locate a file or other resources on the Web, also known as an Internet address or Web address.

Search Engine

A program that locates Web sites via searches for keywords and phrases, using a spider to fetch Web pages and an indexer to create an index of the words.

Electronic Mail (Email)

A way of sending and receiving electronic messages through the systems and networks that make up the Internet.

Mail Server

A computer that sends, receives, and stores e-mail for users.

DNS Server

A computer server that contains a database of public IP addresses and their associated hostnames, used to resolve names to IP addresses.

Carbon Copy (Cc)

Email recipients who are informed about the message but are not directly involved and do not need to act or reply.

Blind Carbon Copy (Bcc)

Email recipients whose addresses are hidden from all other recipients, ensuring each recipient receives the email without seeing the entire list.

Cloud Computing

A variety of ways for businesses to increase their IT capacity or functionality without adding infrastructure, personnel, and software, available 24/7.

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

A cloud computing service that provides the use of applications running on the cloud provider’s infrastructure.

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

A cloud computing service that provides a development platform for the user to develop applications using the tools provided by the PaaS provider.

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

A cloud computing service that provides processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources.

E-commerce

Online trading where people are buying and selling goods/services through the Internet.

E-Learning

Flexible learning time and location for students and adults, using multimedia learning experiences.

E-Banking

Users do not need to go to the bank to transfer funds, pay bills, view, and check their bank accounts etc.

E-Government

Refers to information communication technology (ICT) for delivering government services , exchange of information , communication , transactions , integration of various standalone system and services.

Government-to-Government (G2G)

It refers to the interaction and transactions that take place between different government agencies.

Government-to-Business (G2B)

The interactions and transactions that take place between government agencies and businesses.

Government-to-Citizen (G2C)

Designed to facilitate citizen interaction with the government, such as renewing licenses and certifications, paying taxes, and applying for benefits, less time consuming and easier to carry out.