21: Transposable Elements

Part 21

What are transposable elements?

DNA sequences capable of moving or copying themselves from one location in the genome to another (“Jumping genes”).

Describe how DNA transposons move within the genome.

Cut and paste DNA is physically excised from are locus & inserted into another

How do retrotransposons use RNA intermediates to move?

Copy and paste via RNA to increase genome copy number

How can transposable elements influence genome structure?

Acting as mobile genetic parasites that insert new copies, causing expansion generating structural variations (deletions, inversions, duplications) via ectopic recombination & reorganizing 3D genome architecture.

Explain how transposable elements can contribute to genetic variation and evolution.

• moving within genomes, creating insertions, inversions & duplications

• mobile DNA sequences can disrupt genes, alter gene regulation & facilitate genomic rearrangements, providing raw material for natural selection & adaptation to new environments