cellular respiration & fermentation

cellular respiration and fermentation

processes that produces adenine triphosphate (ATP). cellular respiration requires oxygen, fermentation does not

REDOX reactions in cellular respiration

carbons are oxidized, oxygen is reduced

3 steps in cellular respiration

glycosis, pyruvate processing, citric acid cycle

glycosis

breaking down of glucose into 2 pyruvates. 2 NADH is made from NAD+ and 2 ATP is made from ADP

ADP to ATP

phosphorylation

ATP to ADP

hydrolysis

NAD+ to NADH

reduction

pyruvate processing

takes place in the mitochondria. breaking down of the 2 pyruvates to 2 acetyl CoA through oxidation. CO₂ is released

citric acid cycle

set up to regenerate starting products. starts with 2 acetyl CoA, releases 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 4 CO₂

OIL RIG

oxidation is losing, reduction is gaining

electron transport chain and its 4 complexes 

runs ATPsynthase when electrons are accepted by water. loots of oxidation occurring here. occurs in mitochondrial matrix 

complex 1: NADH goes to NAD+ through oxidation/NADH dehydrogenase (a coenzyme)

complex 2: FADH goes to FAD + 2H through oxidation/succinate dehydrogenase (a coenzyme)

complex 3: cytochrome c reductase gaining electrons/reductions

complex 4: water is a product. hydrogens from the water are taken to turn the protein gradient that creates ATP. 3 ATP are produced at each trun

oxidative phosphorlyation

phosphate being added in the presence of oxygen. main way ATP is made during cellular respiration

cellular respiration formula

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38ATP

alcohol fermentation formula

C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2CO₂ + 2C₂H₅OH + 2ATP

fermentation steps

glycolysis & pyruvate reduction. glycolysis creates NADH and pyruvates which go to pyruvate reduction where the NADH is oxidized back into NAD+ and the cycle starts over

lactic acid fermentation

occurs in humans- responsible for muscle cramps because there’s no oxygen present. the pyruvate becomes the electron acceptor from NADH and NAD+ and lactate are produced. it involves switching between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can continue and the lactate is converted back into a pyruvate through lactate dehydrogenase