AP World Study Guide Unit 0

What we some trends caused by the early agricultural revolution?

1. population growth 2. created more extensive governments and taxation 3. social classes by wealth and occupation

what is the first written language in history?

cuneiform

desire to keep records about trade led to the invention of ...

a new written language

where was cuneiform invented?

southern most region of ancient mesopotamia called sumer

judaism developed in what is now called

israel

monotheism is the belief in

belief in one god

zoroastrianism is a belief system that

focuses on human free will and the eternal battle between the forces of good and evil

the most influential development in south asia during the classical period was

the religion of buddhism

why was is influential?

it was a better belief, it gave an alternative to the beliefs that were the foundation of Hinduism. It also didn't reject the caste system, which influenced people and caused it to spread.

the " Golden Age of India "was under a centralized government based in Pataliputra-- during this time advancements in medicine were made, like

inoculations to prevent disease

under what empire in india did these intellectual and cultural life flourish?

the gupta empire

one legacy of the zhou dynasty in china was how people thought about government. the belief that some universal force, provided the justification for an emperor and his family to rule China. If they were corrupt or ineffective, something bad would happen through this universal force to show its displeasure-like famine or drought-and that was a sign to the chines people that the ruler needed to go. This idea was called

mandate of heaven

what helped the persian empire to grow and be ethnically diverse?

religious tolerance

greece was made up of about 1000 city states, who were 2 of the largest?

Athens and Spartans

characteristic of athens

impressive advances in architecture, literature, theater, and philosophy

characteristic of spartans

organized society around powerful military

what was the general term for the greek states and culture

hellenistic world

like greek, rome had a _____ styled society

patriarchal

what was the difference in rome involving women?

women gained more rights, they have the right to own and inherit property, and the right to initiate divorce proceedings

the spreading of the jews to lands all across the roman empire and beyond was called

diaspora

_____ grew all across the roman empire despite the horrific levels of persecution at the hands of the roman empire. it was not until the rule of constantine in the 4th century that it was accepted as the official religion of the roman empire

christianity

what were the 3 main trade networks between 600 - 1200 CE?

1. Silk Roads 2. Indian ocean routes 3. Trans- saharan routes

what were some of the benefits of the trade networks?

provided ways for technology and ideas to move from one culture to another, spread of religions, social structure development

what were some of the cons of the trade networks?

spread of deadly diseases, pirates (stealing), slow traveling

people of the west african kingdom of ghana, by 1000 CE, became very wealthy by

trans-sahara trade route, they taxed the gold and salt that entered of exited their trading centers

one of the largest kingdoms in africa dominating the region between the 1300s and 1600s was located in

Great Zinbabwe, outside of west africa

south african trade flourished in the indian ocean as people gained more knowledge of the pattern of

monsoon winds

during the post classical period in europe, the western roman empire declined and left europe vulnerable to invaders from the north called

vikings

how did trade networks cause islam and buddhism to spread?

through the movement of merchants, missionaries, and their associated cultures along established trade routes.

what is a continuity that kept southern India unified despite disruptions following the fall of the Gupta empire?

hinduism

some causes for the decline of classical civilizations

1. challenges collecting taxes weakened gov 2. spread of disease reduced urban populations 3. attacks of outside groups led to a need of spending more $$ on defense

patriarchy

Male dominated society

egalitarian

promoting equal rights for all people

pastoralist

a member of a nomadic group that herds domesticated animals

agriculturalist

an expert in agriculture

who were the mongals

group of pastoralist, they played games w other pastoralist b/c they were bored

what were the mongals good at

stealing items and stealing women

hierarchy

societies broken up into groups of people that were distinguished by class

agricultural revolution

humans survived by hunting, gathering, and wandering from place to place.

what is one thing ALL agricultural societies had in common?

grew up around water, specifically rivers

confucious

emphasized the ordering of human relations

taoism

people must look away from human creations and institutions and look to the order of nature for how to live

animism

taught that the natural world had spiritual power embedded in it

shamanism

priestly kind of folks that had access to control and directly that spiritual power

Levant

a historical geographical term referring to an area in the eastern Mediterranean consisting roughly of modern Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria. Was a lad bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe, and its role in the development of early civilizations and trade routes.