Civil Rights

What are civil rights?

Rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the 5th and 14th amendments

What are inherent characteristsics?

Characteristics that are apart of a persons nature

What are the 3 tests courts use to determine when unequal treatment is equal?

Strict, heightened, and ordinary scrutiny

What is strict scrutiny?

Determines the legality of suspect classification based discrimination

What is heightened scrutiny?

Determines the legality of sex based discrimination

What is ordinary scrutiny?

Determines the legality of sex based discrimination

What is civil disobedience?

Active but nonviolent refusal to comply with laws

Who was Dread Scott? What was his supreme court case about?

A slave who sued for his freedom and was denied

What is standing to sue?

The legal right to bring lawsuits to court

What was the emancipation proclamation?

Executive order that abolished slavery in the seceded states

What were the 3 amendments ratified after the civil war, and what did each amendment provide?

13th which ended slavery in America, 14th which defines citizens as all persons born or naturalized in the US, 15th which gave every man the right to vote

What is de facto segregation?

Segregation maintained by practice

What is de jure segregation?

Legally mandated segregation

What is the white primary tactic?

Primary election where only whites were allowed to vote

What is the literacy test tactic?

Determined eligibility to vote, designed so few AM passed

What is the poll tax tactic?

A fee for voting

What is the grandfather clause tactic?

Exempted people from voting conditions if their ancestors were able to vote before 1870

What was the separate but equal doctrine?

States that separate but equal facilities does not violate the 14th amendment

What is the equal protection clause?

Mandates that people be treated equally by the law

What does the civil rights act of 1964 guarantee?

Protections from discrimination, mandates equality in public accommodations

What does the voting rights act of 1965 guarantee?

Banned voter registration practices,

What was the declaration of sentiments?

A list of rights and opportunities that the law did not guarantee women

What did the 19th amendment accomplish?

Prohibited the gov from denying the right to vote based on sex

What was the equal pay act?

Prohibits employers from paying women less than men for the same job