Chapter 18

This set of flashcards reviews key concepts related to various disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems, covering traumatic brain injuries, cerebrovascular incidents, infections, demyelinating disorders, and types of brain tumors.

What are the classifications of Traumatic Brain Injury?

Focal/diffuse, closed/open, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

What indicates a severe brain injury according to the Glasgow Coma Scale?

Loss of consciousness for 6 or more hours.

What are the types of hematomas caused by contusions?

Epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and intracerebral hematoma.

What are common complications of concussions?

Post-concussive syndrome, post-traumatic seizures, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

What is a major clinical manifestation of spinal shock?

Complete loss of reflexes below the level of the lesion.

What is the primary consequence of long-term spinal cord injury?

Autonomic dysreflexia.

What is the greatest risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)?

Hypertension.

What types of cerebrovascular accidents exist?

Ischemic, hemorrhagic, and cryptogenic.

What distinguishes fusiform aneurysms from other types?

They are congenital and involve abnormal vessel dilation.

What are the cardinal signs of infection and inflammation in the Central Nervous System?

Fever, head or spine pain, and neurologic dysfunction.

What types of demyelinating disorders are discussed?

Multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

What are common symptoms of myasthenia gravis?

Weakness of the skeletal muscles and fatigue.

What is the classification of primary brain tumors?

Gliomas and meningiomas.

What are the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure?

Headache, vomiting, seizures, and papilledema.

What is the typical presentation for tension headaches?

A tight band of squeezing pressure around the head.