Unit 3: Body Membrane and Skin Test Review

Cutaneous membrane

Cutaneous membrane

Dry membrane; also called the skin

Mucous membranes

Line body cavities open to the outside world (hollow organs of the respiratory, digestive, urinary & reproductive tracts)

Serous membranes

Line body cavities closed to the outside world (thoracic & abdominal cavities)

Visceral

Layer of serous membrane that covers the outside of internal organs

Parietal

Layer of serous membrane that covers the inside of body cavity walls

Serous fluid

A lubricating fluid which permits the organs to slide easily across cavity walls and by one another without causing friction or pain

Peritoneum

Serousa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs

Pleura

Double layered membrane surrounding each lung

Pericardium

Double layered membrane surrounding the heart

Synovial membrane

Lines the capsules that surround joints such as the shoulder and knee, and secrete fluid to provide cushioning and reduce friction on moving structures

Dermis

The deep layer of the skin; composed of dense, irregular connective tissue and contains nerve endings, glands and hair follicles

Epidermis

The outermost layer of the skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone

Hypodermis

The layer of skin beneath the dermis, which serves as a storage repository for fat

Keratin

Tough protein produced by most epidermal cells that adds structural strength to skin, hair, and nails

Melanin

Pigments that protects the body against harmful effects of sunlight UV radiation; ranges from yellow to black-brown; produced in response to sunlight exposure

Sebaceous glands

Oil glands located in the dermis all over the body except on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet

Sudoriferous glands

Sweat glands located in the dermis over the entire body

Merkel cells

Touch receptors in the skin located in the deepest region of epidermis

Meissner’s corpuscles

Sensitive touch receptors in the dermal papillae

Lamellar corpuscles

Deep pressure receptors

What are the functions of the skin

Protection, waterproof barrier, sensory perception, temperature regulation, makes vitamin D, and waste elimination

EPIDERMIS

What type of tissue?

Closely packed stratified squamous

EPIDERMIS

Keratin

Helps support your nails, heals wounds and keep your hair and nails healthy

EPIDERMIS

Melanin

Responsible for your hairs skin and hair pigmentation and photo-protection of the skin, etc

EPIDERMIS

What is the sequential order of the layers from the highest to lowest (Crack a Lacking, Genshin Sucks Balls)

Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, and Basale)

DERMIS

What type of tissue is the dermis layer?

Connective with elastic and collagen fibers

How is the Dermis unique from the Epidermis?

It houses blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands and other structures

DERMIS

Explain the Papillary Layer

The upper dermal region that contains loose areolar connective tissue.

• finger like projections called dermal papillae

• Capillary loops

• Phagocytes: protect against pathogens that got through the skin barrier

• Meinssner corpuscles: touch receptors

DERMIS

Explain the Reticular Layer

It’s the deepest skin layer and is made up of dense irregular connective

• blood vessels: plays a role in body temperature regulation

• Swear and oil glands

• Deep pressure receptors

HYPODERMIS

What is the type of tissue?

Vascularized loose areolar connective and adipose tissue

HYPODERMIS

What is it’s function?

Connects skin to underlying tissues storage (energy reserve), insulation, and cushioning

Identify & describe the 3 different pigments that contribute to skin color/tone

1. Melanin: Yellow, brown or black pigments (the amount produced depends on genetics and exposure to sunlight

2. Carotene: Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables

3. Hemoglobin: Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries (oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring)

List the five alternations in skin color and what each one indicates

1. Cyanosis (blue) - poor oxygenation of blood during heart failure or severe breathing disorders

2. Erythema (redness) - increased blood flow to the skin due to embarrassment, inflammation, high BP, fever, or allergies

3. Pallor (blanching) - decreased blood flow to skin due to emotional stress such as fear, anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area

4. Jaundice (yellowing) - liver disorder

5. Bruises→hematomas - blood escapes circulation and settles in tissue space

what type of tissue do our nails contain?

motified epidermis (heavenly keratinized)

description of your hair follicle

it’s a bulb shaped structure within the dermis that produces hair. The shape is genetically determined and produces different textures of your hair (curly, wavy, straight).

description of your hair shaft

it’s the part of your hair that extends past the surface of the skin

• central: mendulla

• cortex surrounds medulla

• cuticle on the outside of the cortex .

description of your Matrix

the growth zone at the base of the hair follicle: cell division to produce said hair cells that will become filled with keratin and then die

description of the pili muscle

smooth muscle - pulls hairs upright when you’re cold/frightened (goosebumps)

define the following disorder: decubitus ulcers

“bedsores” - prolonged pressure causes restricted blood supply to area of skin (no oxygen or nutrients to the skin and this is the death of the skin cells)

severity of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Degree Burns

1. only the epidermis is damaged - the skin is red and swollen

2. epidermis and upper dermis are damaged - the skin is now red with blisters

3. destroys the entire skin layer, burned area is painless - the burn is gray-white or black

associated dangers of burns include:

dehydration (electrolyte imbalance, circulatory shock) and infection

Different types of Herpes and explain what happens when you get them

1. Herpes Varicella (chickenpox): itchy, fluid filled with blisters HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

2. Herpes Zoster (shingles): dormant varicella recurs in adults, painful blistering rash

3. Herpes Simplex Virus (cold sores/fever blisters): forms fluid blisters around the mouth or genital region HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

HPV: Human Papillomarvirus

warts: raised, typically painless growths on the skin that vary in size or shape

→ high risk HPV’s causes about 5% of all cancers and nearly all cervical cancers

Different types of Warts

1. common wart: hands or fingers

2. plantar warts: soles of feet

3. genital warts: most common STI in the US

explain what Athlete’s foot is (fungal infection)

cracked, flaky skin between the toes

What is the ringworm infection (fungal infection)

red, ring-shaped rash with pale center

explain what impetigo is (bacterial infection)

highly contagious staph infection, very common in children

explain what cellulitis is (bacterial infection)

staph infection that causes inflammed area of the skin (that is now red, swollen and painful) to become life threatening if it’s not treated

what is psoriasis (this is an inflammation)

NOT CONTAGIOUS, POSSIBLY GENETIC

regions of thick, red skin with flaky, silvery white patches (scales)

The difference between the cancer malignant vs. benign

Benign does not spread (encapsulated) while Malignant moves to other parts of the body

Describe the skin cancer ‘Basal Cell Carcinoma’

• least malignant

• most common type

• arises fro stratum basale

• readily cursed if caught early and treated

describe the cancer known as ‘Squamous Cell Carcinoma’

• believed to be sun-included

• early removal allows a good chance of cure

• metastasizes to lymph nodes if not removed

Explain the cancer known as ‘Malignant Melanoma’

• Most deadly of skin cancers

• cancer of melanocytes

• metastasizes rapidly to lymph nodes and blood vessels

• detection uses the ABCD rule

sudoriferous glands (location and function)

located in densely hairy regions like the axillary and the gential. Releases sweat that contains fatty acid and proteins

sebaceous glands (location and function)

located everywhere expect for your palms and soles of your feet. Produces oil and mixture of lipids