converting one functional group to another

Alkene to halogenoalkane

reagent: hydrogen halide condition: mix the gases at room temp.

halogenoalkane to alcohol

reagent: aqueous sodium hydroxide condition: heat under reflux

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

reagent: alcoholic potassium cyanide condition: heat under reflux

halogenoalkane to amine

reagent: aqueous ammonia condition: heat under pressure

alcohol to chloroalkane

reagent: phosphorus(V) chloride (PCl5) condition: room temperature

alcohol to bromoalkane

reagent: 50% concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium bromide conditons: warm

alcohol to idoalkane

reagent: red phospohrus and iodine conditions: heat under reflux

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

reagent: potassium dichromate (VI) in dilute sulfuric acid conditions: add reagent to hot alcohol and allow the aldehyde to distill off as it is formed

Primary alchol to Carboxylic acid

reagent: Potassium dichromate (VI) in dilute sulfuric acid condition: heat under reflux

Secondary alcohol to ketone

reagent: Potassium dichromate (VI) in dilute sulfuric acid condition: heat under reflux

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

reagent: lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether. condtion: room temp.

Ketone to secondary alcohol

reagent: lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether. condition: room temp.

Aldehyde and ketone to 2-hydroxynitrile

reagent: potassium cyanide in dilute sulfuric acid conditions: 10°-20°

carboxylic acid to primary alchol

reagent: lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether condition: room temp.

carboxylic acid to ester

reagent: alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid condition: heat

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

reagent: water condition: room temp.

acyl chloride to ester

reagent: alcohol condition: room temp

acyl chloride to primary amide

reagent: aqueous ammonia conditions: room temp.

acyl chloride to secondary amide (N-substituded amide)

reagent: amine. condition: room temp