HA&P I - Bio22521K Lab Exam 2

Muscle tissue, muscles (including origin and insertion sites), cranial and spinal nerves, and cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses.

What is this type of muscle?

Skeletal muscle

What do the arrows pointing from the red box indicate?

Multiple nuclei

What do the arrows pointing from the blue box indicate?

Striations

What is this type of muscle?

Cardiac muscle

What do the arrows pointing from the red box indicate?

Intercalated discs

What do the arrows pointing from the blue box indicate?

Individual nuclei

What do the arrows pointing from the yellow box indicate?

Striations

What is this type of muscle?

Smooth muscle

What do the arrows pointing from the red box indicate?

Individual nuclei

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Frontal belly muscle. This muscle raises the eyebrows (wrinkled forehead).

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Occipital belly muscle

What do these two types of muscle make up?

Epicranius muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Orbicularis Oculi muscle. This muscle closes the eye (blinks).

What muscle is the yellow and blue line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

The zygomaticus major muscle is in yellow and the zygomaticus minor muscle is in blue. These muscles raise the lateral corners of the mouth. These muscles allow for smiling.

• The origin is the zygomatic bone.

• The insertion is the skin and muscle at the corner of the mouth.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Buccinator muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Orbicularis oris muscle. This muscle closes or puckers the lips.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Temporalis muscle. This muscle closes the jaw.

• The origin is the temporal fossa.

• The insertion is the coronoid process of the mandible via a tendon that passes deep into the zygomatic arch.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Masseter muscle. This muscle is the prime mover of jaw closure.

• The origin is the zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone.

• The insertion is the angle and ramus of the mandible.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Sternocleidomastoid muscle. This muscle flexes and laterally rotates the head.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Trapezius muscle. This muscle stabilizes, elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Pectoralis major muscle. This muscle adducts and medially rotates the arm.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Biceps brachii muscle. This muscle flexes and supinates the forearm.

• The origin is at the coracoid process

• The insertion is the common tendon into the radial tuberosity.

What muscles are the yellow, blue, and purple lines indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Triceps brachii muscle (long, lateral, and medial head). These muscles extend the forearm (prime mover is this medal head)

• The origin is at the posterior shaft of the humerus

• The insertion is the common tendon into the olecranon of the ulna.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Brachialis muscle. This muscle is the major forearm flexor. It lifts the ulna as the biceps lifts the radius.

• The origin is the anterior surface of the distal humerus

• The insertion is the coronoid process of the ulna

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Flexor carpi radialis muscle

What muscle is the blue line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. This muscle stabilizes the wrist during finger extension.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Extensor digitorium muscle.

What muscle is the blue line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle. This muscle extends and adducts the hand.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle.

What muscle is the blue line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Iliacus muscle. This muscle flexes the thigh and/or trunk (bowing).

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Psoas major muscle. This muscle flexes the thigh and/or trunk (bowing) and flexes the vertebral column laterally.

What do these two muscles make up (indicated in pink)?

Iliopsoas muscles

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Gluteus maximus muscle. This muscle extends the thigh and laterally rotates and abducts the thigh.

What muscle is the blue line indicating?

Gluteus Medius muscle

What muscle is the blue line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

External intercostals muscle. This muscle pulls ribs toward one another to elevate the rib cage.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Internal intercostals muscle. This muscle pulls the ribs together and depresses the rib cage.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Diaphragm muscle. This muscle moves inspiration and flattens or contracts.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Rectus abdominis muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

External obliques muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Internal obliques muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Transverse abdominis muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Deltoid muscle. This muscle abducts and medially rotates the arm.

• The origin is the end of the clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of the ribs

• The insertion is at the intertubercular sulcus and greater tubercle of the humerus.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Latissimus dorsi muscle. This muscle extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Serratus anterior muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Infraspinatus muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Supraspinatus muscle. This muscle initiates the abduction of the arm.

• The origin is the supraspinous fossa of the scapula.

• The insertion is the superior part of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

What muscle is the blue line indicating?

Teres major muscle.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Sartorius muscle. This muscle flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh.

What muscle is the purple line indicating?

Gracilis muscle.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Rectus femoris muscle. This muscle extends the leg and flexes the thigh at the hip.

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Vastus medialis muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Vastus intermedius muscle

What muscle is the purple line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Vastus lateralis muscle. This muscle extends the leg and stabilizes the knee.

• The origin is the greater trochanter

• The insertion is the patella

What muscle is the purple line indicating?

Adductor magnus muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Adductor longus muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Biceps femoris muscle. This muscle extends the thigh and flexes the leg.

• The origin is the ischial tuberosity

• The insertion is the lateral condyle of the tibia.

What muscle is the purple line indicating?

Semitendinosus muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

What is the origin and insertion of this muscle?

Gastrocnemius muscle. This muscle plantar flexes the foot when leg is extended.

• The origin is the two heads of medial and lateral condyles of the femur.

• The insertion is the posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

What muscle is the purple line indicating?

Soleus muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating? What action does this muscle perform?

Tibialis anterior muscle. This muscle allows dorsiflexion (pointing the foot upward)

What muscle is the purple line indicating?

Fibularis longus muscle

What muscle is the yellow line indicating?

Brachioradialis muscle

The black arrow indicates what?

Soma (cell body)

The dark blue arrow is indicating what?

Nucleus

The orange arrow is indicating what?

Dendrites

The purple arrow indicates what?

Axon

The green arrow indicates what?

Axon hillock

The yellow arrow indicates what?

Schwann cells

The light blue arrow indicates what?

Node of Ranvier (myelin sheath gaps)

The green box indicates what?

Myelin sheath

The gray arrow indicates what?

Axon terminals

What is the green circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Olfactory bulb

What is the yellow circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Optic nerve/chiasma

What is the purple circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Pons

What is the blue circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Medulla

What is the red circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Midbrain

What is the yellow circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Hypothalamus

What is the green circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Cerebrum

What is the blue circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Frontal lobes

What is the purple circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Occipital Lobes

What is the yellow circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Parietal lobes

What is the yellow circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Cerebellum

What is the color purple indicating on the sheep's brain?

Arbor vitae

What is the red circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Pineal body/gland

What is the red circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Corpus callosum

What is the purple circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Thalamus

What is the green circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Lateral ventricle

What is the yellow circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Transverse fissure

What is the green circle indicating on the sheep's brain?

Superior colliculus

What is the green circle indicating on the human brain?

Brain stem

What is the yellow circle indicating on the human brain?

Medulla oblongata

What is the purple circle indicating on the human brain?

Pons

What is the red circle indicating on the human brain?

Midbrain

What is the yellow circle indicating on the human brain?

Cerebellum

What is the purple circle indicating on the human brain?

Cerebellar hemispheres

What is the yellow circle indicating on the human brain?

Vermis

What is the blue circle indicating on the human brain?

Folia

What is the color purple indicating on the human brain?

Arbor vitae

What are green circles indicating on the human brain?

Cerebellar cortex

What do the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus make up?

The diencephalon