Med Term DDT Chap 4 p.1

kinesiology

The science that studies movement, how it is produced, and the muscles involved.

orthopedics

Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system; also called orthopedic surgery. Physician is an orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon. Name derived from straightening (orth/o) deformities in children (ped/o).

 

podiatry

Healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the feet and lower legs. Healthcare

professional is a podiatrist.

chiropractic

Healthcare profession concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malalignment conditions of the spine and musculoskeletal system with the intention of affecting the nervous system and improving health. Healthcare professional is a chiropractor.

rheumatology

Branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affecting

the joints, muscles, and bones. Physician is a rheumatologist.

Prosthetics

Healthcare profession specializing in making artificial body parts. Person skilled in making and adjusting prostheses is a prosthetist.

orthotics

Healthcare profession specializing in making orthopedic appliances such as braces and splints. Person skilled in making and adjusting these appliances is an orthotist.

occupational therapy

Assists a person to regain, develop, and improve skills important for independent functioning.

physical medicine

Branch of medicine focused on restoring function; physician is a physiatrist.

physical therapy (PT)

Involves the evaluation and treatment of disorders as well as rehabilitation using physical methods.

chondroma

 

tumor in cartilage; usually benign

osteogenic sarcoma

most common type of bone cancer; begins in osteocytes

osteoporosis

decrease in bone mass; results in thinning and weakening of bones; porous bone easily fractures

Paget’s disease

metabolic disease of bone; unknown cause; results in bone destruction and deformity

osteoma

tumor found in bone tissue

osteochondroma

tumor consisting of bone and cartilage tissue; usually benign

Ewing’s sarcoma

cancerous tumor of shaft of long bones; spreads through periosteum; amputation is necessary to prevent metastasis

osteopathy

general term for bone disease

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

exostosis

bone spur

osteomalacia

softening of bones caused by calcium deficiency; caused in children by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D

rickets

caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency; results in bone deformities like bowed legs

myeloma

tumor forming in bone marrow tissue

bunion

inflammation of bursa at base of great toe

gout

Type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling, usually in the first metatarsophalangeal joint

prepatellar bursitis

swelling of bursa between patella and skin; seen in persons who kneel often

sprain

damage to ligaments around joint due to overstretching; no dislocation or fracture

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain; results in joint deformities

osteoarthritis (OA)

results in degeneration of bone and joints; bone rubs against bone

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems and may include joint pain; looks like rheumatoid arthritis

talipes

congenital deformity of ankle misalignment; clubfoot

subluxation

incomplete dislocation: joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact

dislocation

bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment

ankylosing spondylitis

inflammatory condition resembles rheumatoid arthritis; gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae

whiplash

cervical muscle and ligament sprain

arthralgia

joint pain

kyphosis

abnormal increase in curve of thoracic spine; humpback

spinal stenosis

narrowing of spinal canal; causes pressure on spinal cord and nerves

spondylolisthesis

forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it

lordosis

abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback

scoliosis

lateral curve of spine

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

protrusion of an intervertebral disk; also called ruptured disk

spina bifida

congenital anomaly; vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord

spondylosis

general term for degenerative vertebral column condition

adhesion

scar tissue in fascia; makes muscle movement difficult

dyskinesia

having difficult or abnormal movements

spasm

sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

hyperkinesia

having an excessive amount of movement

bradykinesia

having slow movements

myalgia

muscle pain

dystonia

having abnormal muscle tone

tenodynia

tendon pain

atonia

lack of muscle tone

contracture

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia

hypertrophy

increase in muscle bulk from use

myotonia

muscle tone

hypokinesia

having insufficient amount of movement

atrophy

poor muscle development; result of muscle disease or lack of use; muscle wasting

hypertonia

having excessive muscle tone

fibromyalgia

widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue

lateral epicondylitis

inflammation of elbow muscles; caused by strong gripping; tennis elbow

pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy

one type of inherited muscular dystrophy; also called Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

ganglion cyst

cyst on tendon sheath; usually on hand, wrist, or ankle

rotator cuff injury

 joint capsule of shoulder joint is reinforced by tendons; high degree of flexibility puts rotator cuff at risk for strain and tearing

myorrhexis

tearing a muscle

torticollis

severe neck spasms pulling head to one side; wryneck or crick in the neck

myopathy

general term for muscle disease

strain

damage to muscle, tendons, or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching

tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon

carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS)

repetitive motion disorder: compression of finger tendons and median nerve as they pass through carpal tunnel of the wrist

repetitive motion disorder

chronic disorders involving tendon, muscles, joints, and nerve damage; tissue is subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements

polymyositis

inflammation of two or more muscles

necrotizing fasciitis (NF)

infection that results in death of the soft tissue

muscular dystrophy (MD)

inherited disease with progressive muscle atrophy