Communications

Rhetorical situation

the interaction of speaker, audience, message, and context

Ethical communication

Speaking responsibly with awareness of consequences and impact on others

civic engagement

participation in public life through communication and action

Psychographics

audience characteristices related to beliefs, values, attitudes, and opinions

identification

Finding common ground betwen speaker and audience

Calling in

an advocacy approach that invites dialogue, understanding, and inclusion

Critical listening

Evaluating messages for logic, credibility, and evidence

Confirmation bias

the tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs

Power dynamics

Unequal influence between speakers and audiences that affect communication responsibility

Primary sources

original materials such as interviews, surveys, or firsthand accounts

Secondary sources

interpretations or analyses of primary sources

Scholarly sources

peer-reviewed academic publications written by experts

Grounds

the evidence that supports a claim

Warrant

the reasoning that explains how the evidence supports the claim

Signposting

verbal cues that guide the audience through the structure of the speech