CMT

Construction Materials

It is defined as the materials, supplies, fixtures, or equipment, any combination of such items, and any other leased or purchased articles when the materials, supplies, fixtures, equipment or articles are to be utilized or consumed during construction or are to be incorporated into construction work pursuant to a bonafide written construction contract.

Construction Aggregates

is a broad category of particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world.

2 categories of aggregates

Fine Aggregates

Coarse Aggregates

Steel Rod/Steel

Steel is a metal alloy of iron and carbon and often other alloying

material in its composition to make it stronger and more fracture-resistant than iron.

Cement

in general, adhesive substances of all kinds, but, in a narrower sense, the binding materials used in building and civil engineering construction. Cements of this kind are finely ground powders that, when mixed with water, set to a hard mass.

Bitumen

A black viscous mixture of hydrocarbons obtained naturally or as a residue from petroleum distillation. It is used for road surfacing and roofing.

Concrete

composite material made of fine and coarse aggregate (think gravel, crushed stone, recycled concrete, and geosynthetic aggregates) bound together by a liquid binder such as cement that hardens or cures over time.

Asphalt

mixture of aggregates, binder and filler, used for constructing and maintaining roads, parking areas, railway tracks, ports, airport runways, bicycle lanes, sidewalks and also play- and sport areas.

Hollow Block

Masonry construction uses individual units (such as bricks or hollow blocks) to build structures that are usually bound together by some kind of mortar. The strongest and most commonly used masonry unit now

is a concrete block, which may be reinforced with steel.

Lumber

wood product, sawn and shaped from timbers of harvested trees. Lumber is assigned a grade which establishes a measure of consistency in the final products produced by mills.

Glass

A durable but brittle material that is valued for its optical properties such

as its ability to refract, reflect and transmit lights.

Ceramics

broad category of hard inorganic material manufactured using minerals. Modern ceramics are usually used in countertops,sinks, tubs, bathrooms and kitchen tiles.

Rocks

solid cumulative of minerals located in the Earth’s lithosphere. Rocks are used for various purposes in construction sites such as dams ,railway ballast , buildings, skyscraper buildings etc.

Material Testing

is a respected and established technique which is used to ascertain both the physical and mechanical properties of raw materials and

components. It can be used to examine almost anything from human hair to steel, ceramics or composite materials.

Mechanical Testing

Also known as destructive testing, reveals the properties of a material under dynamic or static force. Designed to ensure that materials are

suitable for their intended applications

Thermal Testing

used to measure materials’ ability to transfer heat since it differs with each substance and may

depend on structure, density, humidity, pressure and temperature

Testing for electrical properties

Materials are subjected to electrical stresses

under a variety of controlled conditions, including liquid contaminants, dust and

fog, dry air electrical arc, or high voltage dielectric breakdown conditions.

Testing for resistance to corrosion, radiation and biological deterioration

Testing for breakdown or deterioration of materials under exposure to a particular type of environment has greatly increased in recent years.

Non destructive testing

A testing and analysis technique to evaluate the properties of a material, component, structure or system for characteristic differences or welding defects and discontinuities without causing damage to the original part

Cement Testing

performed to know the strength, characteristics and properties of cement. Various tests on cement are done nowadays to check the quality of cement.

Fineness Test

measure of cement particle size and is denoted as terms of the specific surface area of cement. The Test is done by sieving cement samples through a standard IS sieve.

Initial Setting Time of Cement

It is the time elapsed between the moment that the water is added to the cement, to the time that the paste starts losing its plasticity.

Final Setting time Cement

It is the time elapsed between the moment the water is added to the cement and the time when cement paste loses its plasticity completely and has attained sufficient firmness to resist certain definite pressure.

Standard Consistency Test

defined as the percentage of water added In 300 gm weight of cement which will permit a Vicat plunger having 50 mm length and 10 mm diameter to penetrate in cement paste to a depth of 33-35 mm from the top of the mold.

Soundness Test

indicates the stability of any cement during the volume change in the process of setting and hardening. In case the volume change in cement is unstable after setting and hardening, the concrete element will crack, which

can affect the quality of the structure or even cause serious accidents, known as poor dimensional stability.

Specific Gravity Test

defined as the mass of cement

of specified volume to the mass of water of the same volume of cement. It can also be

defined as the density of cement to the density of water for the same volume.

Vicat Needle Apparatus

penetration device used in testing of hydraulic cements and similar materials to determine their normal or standard consistency. It is also used to determine the initial setting time and final setting time of hydraulic cements and similar materials.

Flow Cone Apparatus

It is used for viscosity and fluidity determination of mortars, muds, grouts, fluid materials, etc.

Flame Photometer

It is used to determine the alkali content of Cement

Automatic Mortar Mixer

It is expressively designed for the efficient mixing of cement pastes and mortar, with two automatic sequences of mixing cycles.

Bulk Density of Cement Set

This apparatus is used for the measurement of the apparent density (bulk density) of powder

and non-cohesive materials. It consists of sieve funnel with tripod, unit weight measure 1 liter capacity with hopper, spatula, straight edge, large spoon.

Le Chatelier Mold

Used for determining the expansion of cement. Two or three molds are

required for each test. To perform the test, a A water bath is also required.

Le chatelier Flask

Used to determine the specific gravity of hydraulic cement and lime.

Le Chatelier Water Bath

used for the determination of setting time and expansion of cement samples

Cement Permeability Apparatus

used to determine permeability to water of cement mortar specimens

with or without a water proofing compound.

Concrete Testing

performed to learn more about the properties of a specific sample of

concrete. A number of different tests can be performed on concrete both, on a job site

and in a laboratory.

Air Content Test

measures the total air content in a sample of fresh

concrete, but does not indicate what the final in-place air content will be, because a

certain amount of air is lost in transportation, consolidating, placement and finishing

Concrete Slump Test

The test measures consistency of concrete in that specific batch.

It is performed to check the consistency of freshly made concrete

Compressive Strength Test

this is of the

utmost importance which gives an idea about all the characteristics of concrete. By this

single test one judges whether concreting has been done properly or not.

Curing test

Curing plays an important role in strength development and durability of

concrete. Curing takes place immediately after concrete placing and finishing, and

involves maintenance of desired moisture and temperature conditions, both at depth

and near the surface, for extended periods of time

Flow Table Test

method to determine consistency of

fresh concrete

Compression Testing Machine

designed for conducting compression tests on concrete specimens up to 20 cm.

Flow Table

used to determine the flow of

concrete

Flexural Testing Machine

designed to meet the need

for reliable and consistent testing of flexural test

on standard concrete beams, transverse test on

kerbs and flagstones, indirect tensile tests on

concrete and interlocking pavers.

MORTAR MIXER

used for mixing cement pastes, mortars and Pozzolona.

GAUGING TROWEL

used for mixing mortar and applying small amounts in confined areas; it is also used to replace crumbled mortar and to patch concrete.

VeBe CONSISTOMETER

used for workability as well as consistency for fresh concrete. A

used to find out workability of concrete expressed in Vee Bee degrees.

Vee Bee Degrees

defined as the tme in seconds to complete required vibrating a

SLUMP TEST APPARATUS

used for the determination of the consistency of freshly mixed concrete, where the maximum the size of the aggregate does not exceed 38mm

COMPACTION FACTOR APPARATUS

Designed to undertake a more precise and sensitive test procedure than the simple slump test.

THE COMPACTING FACTOR

ratio between the weight of the partially compacted concrete and the weight of the fully compacted concrete.

KELLEY BALL PENETRATION APPARATUS

test for the consistency of concrete using the penetration of a half sphere;

CUBE MOLD

allows accurate determination of compression and flexural strength of concrete and it provides superior alignment accuracy

CYLINDRICAL MOLD

designed to be durable, corrosion resistant and easy to clean.

BEAM MOLD

For casting concrete specimens for flexure tests.

CURING TABLE

Specimens must be cured at a stable temperature under water to ensure consistent test results.

AIR ENTRAINMENT METER

used to measure the amount of air that is trapped within the mix

THREE METER STRAIGHT EDGE

measures surface irregularity of completed concrete and asphalt pavements

AGGREGATES TESTING

used to determine the material characteristics and properties of aggregate materials for use in pavement construction

SILT CONTENT TEST FOR SAND

The permissible silt content in sand (fine aggregate) must not exceed the values as specified in the standards

BULKING OF SAND

When sand is damp, the water coating on the surface of each sand particle causes separation of particles from one another due to surface tension

SIEVE ANALYSIS

done to check the gradation of aggregate

FINENESS MODULUS

s generally used to get an idea of how coarse or fine the aggregate is

LABORATORY OVEN

designed for drying, baking, conditioning and moisture determination

MUFFLE FURNACE

designed for higher temperature heating.

FLAKINESS GAUGE

Has seven labeled slots for rapid hand trying

VOID CONTENT APPARATUS (FINE AGGREGATES)

Used to determine the uncompacted void content of a fine aggregate sample. Indicates the angularity, sphericality, and workability of fine aggregate in a mixture.

VOID CONTENT APPARATUS (COARSE AGGREGATES)

Used to determine the void content of uncompacted coarse aggregates.

SIEVE

is a device for separating wanted elements from unwanted material or for characterizing the particle size distribution of a sample, typically using a woven screen such as a mesh or net or metal

SIEVE SHAKER

save time and effort and improve accuracy for particle sizing operations.

RIFFLE SAMPLE DIVIDER

allows dividing samples into two representative subsamples with a good accuracy.

PROPORTIONAL CALIPER DEVICE

Use to determine the percentage of flat particles, elongated particles, or both flat & elongated particles in coarse aggregates.

AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE TEST APPARATUS

used for determining the aggregate impact value.

AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE TEST APPARATUS

used for measuring resistance of an aggregate to crushing.

MOISTURE METER

used to measure the percentage of water in a given substance

UNIVERSAL WOOD TESTER

suitable for determination of shear strength, hardness (Janka Ball Test), Clavage, Static bend Plywood GripsNail/Screw withdrawal test, compression (parallel-to-grain) and many other tests on wood plywood

BEAKER

container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonly used in many laboratories.

GRADUATED CYLINDER

for measuring fluid volume

THERMOMETER

permits temperature measurement from a distance without contact with the object to be measured

MECHANICAL BALANCE

used where the most accurate weighing is required.

HYDROMETER

used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids

CONCRETE MIXER

A device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete

MOBILE CONCRETE MIXER

it is ideal if you need to use concrete in more than one place in the same area.

STATIONARY CONCRETE MIXER

cannot be moved because they are fixed in only one place.

BUCKET

It delivers concrete by means of a tower crane. It has a bottom opening to allow concrete to flow out when in-place.

SCOOP

A deep bowl for taking something from a container.

HAMMER

A deep bowl for taking something from a container.

MALLET

\-A tool used to pound on something.

TROWEL

Used to spread building materials such as plaster or cement

WHEELBARROW

A kind of vehicle that is built to be pushed around with a load inside out.