GCSE: Conflict and Tension in Asia

When was the Cold War?

1945-1991

Which system believed in state ownership of factories, shops and land as well as the idea of government control so that all people are equal?

Communism

Which system believed in private ownership, competition and differing wages and democracy?

Capitalism

What did Churchill describe in a speech as descending across Europe separating people?

Iron Curtain

What was the name for the American initiative to provide money for struggling capitalist economies?

Marshall Plan

How much money did Truman give during the Marshall Plan?

$13 billion

In 1947 President Truman in speech stated he would 'contain' communism - what was his policy of containment called?

Truman Doctrine

In what year was NATO formed?

1949

Which country lost control of Korea after the Second World War?

Japan

Which parallel divided Korea?

38th parallel

Who was the leader of North Korea from 1948?

Kim Il Sung

Who was the leader of South Korea from 1948?

Syngman Rhee

In what year did Communists control China?

1949

Who was the Chinese communist leader?

Mao Tse-Tung

Which communist leader support North Korea's invasion of South Korea?

Stalin

When did the invasion take place?

25th June 1950

How many North Korean soldiers invade in June 1950?

130,000

During Phase 1 of the war where were Korean forces pushed back to?

Pusan

The US and UN response was led by which General?

MacArthur

What did MacArthur target an amphibious landing?

Inchon

How many UN countries sent troops to Korea?

16

What % of armed forces were American in 1950?

50%

What % of naval forces were American in 1950?

86%

What % of the air force were American in 1950?

93%

How far did US, UN and Korean forces reach during the counterattack?

Yalu River

How many Chines troops crossed into Korea during the third phase of the war in October 1950?

200,00

In total how many times did Seoul change hands during the war?

4

By March 1951 what had been reached in Korea?

Stalemate

What happened to General MacArthur?

Sacked

Who replaced Truman as President in 1952?

Eisenhower

What percentage of North Korean industry was destroyed by air raids?

80%

How many soldiers and civilians died from US bombings of North Korea?

1 million

When was a peace treaty signed in Korea?

27th July 1953

What was created along the 38th parallel?

Demilitarised Zone (DMZ)

How many UN planes were lost on bombing raids?

3,500

What was the name of the military alliance the US signed with Australia and New Zealand in 1951?

ANZUS

What is the estimated number of deaths from the Korean War?

5 million

How many US military casualties were there?

40,000

How many Chinese military casualties were there?

600,000

How many North Korean military casualties were there?

400,000

How many South Korean military casualties were there?

200,000

What was the international competition for military technology that developed after the war?

Arms Race

In what year did both sides develop ICBMs?

1957

After the Korean war what was the percentage increase in the size of the US army?

50%

What percentage of US soldiers were now stationed abroad by 1959?

25%

How much money did the US spend between 1950 and 1954 supporting France in Vietnam?

$3 billion

What percentage of French military spending in Vietnam was paid by America?

80%

What was the name for the French colonial area which included modern Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam?

French Indochina

What was the decisive battle in 1954 which led to French withdrawal from Vietnam?

Dien Bien Phu

At which parallel did the Geneva Agreement split Vietnam?

17th parallel

When was the Geneva Agreement?

1954

Who controlled North Vietnam?

Ho Chi Minh

Who was the US backed leader of South Vietnam?

Ngo Dinh Diem

Who was the Buddhist monk who set himself on fire in protest at Diem's leadership?

Thich Quang Duc

What was the process called of monks setting themselves on fire?

Self-immolation

What percentage of the vote did Diem claim to receive in 1955?

98%

By 1958 how many people/ opponents had Diem arrested?

40,000

Who was the unpopular sister in law of Diem?

Madame Nhu

In what year was Diem arrested and killed?

1963

What was Eisenhower's analogy for his fear of communism - given in a speech in 1954?

Domino Theory

Which senator was behind the 'Red Scare' throughout the 1950s?

McCarthy

What organisation was established in the Senate to find communists in the USA?

House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

What military alliance did Eisenhower invite South Vietnam to join?

SEATO

How many military advisors did Kennedy send to Vietnam?

16,000

How many helicopters and pilots did Kennedy send to Vietnam?

300

What unpopular policy did Kennedy introduce to protect villagers from infiltration by the Vietcong?

Strategic Hamlet Programme

By 1963 what fraction of the rural population were living in US defended villages?

2/3

By the end of 1965 how many US troops were in Vietnam?

200,000

Which US ship reported being fired upon by enemy torpedoes in August 1965?

USS Maddox

What was the incident in North Vietnamese waters referred to as?

Gulf of Tonkin incident

What was the name of the US bombing campaign launched by President Johnson?

Operation Rolling Thunder

What was passed by the US congress which gave the President powers to increase military intervention in South Vietnam?

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

What percentage of US casualties were caused by booby traps?

11%

How long was the Ho Chi Minh tunnel?

15,000km

How long did tunnels in South Vietnam stretch?

300km

What was the name of the bomb used as a form of booby trap by the Vietcong?

Bouncing Betty

What type of warfare did the Vietcong prefer?

Guerrilla Warfare

How many civilians did the Vietcong kill?

27,000

Between 1966 and 1973 how many cases of desertion were there in the US army?

503,000

What was the name for the random selection process of new recruits to the Vietnam war?

The Draft

What was the term for US soldiers deliberately injuring or attacking their own officer?

Fragging

What was the US military's chief tactic for going into local villages?

Search and Destroy

What was the name for the US helicopters used throughout the war?

Huey

Name two of the chemical weapons used in the Vietnam war by US forces?

Napalm and Agent Orange

By 1967 how many US troops were in Vietnam?

450,000

Who was the US General in charge who wanted more troops?

General Westmoreland

What was the name of the surprise attack by North Vietnamese and Vietcong forces timed with Vietnamese lunar holiday?

Tet Offensive

What was the name for the South Vietnamese army many of whom were on holiday during the surprise attack of January 1968?

ARVN

How many towns and cities were targeted in Tet Offensive?

100

Where was the most symbolic victory for the Vietcong - lasting only 6 hours?

US Embassy Saigon

How many Vietcong troops were used in the initial surprise attack?

84,000

Which city saw the fiercest fighting in the months that followed the Tet Offensive?

Hue

How many Vietcong and North Vietnamese soldiers were killed during the Tet Offensive?

60,000

How many US and South Vietnamese soldiers were killed during the Tet Offensive?

10,000

What was the cost per year of the Tet Offensive by 1968?

$30 billion

What was the political impact of the war and Tet Offensive for Johnson?

He did not stand for re-election

How many people were killed at the My Lai massacre?

500

Who was the journalist who reported the massacre?

Ron Ridenhour

Who was the only US soldier to be found guilty of events in My Lai?

Lt Calley

In 1969 how many people protested against the war in Washington as the events of My Lai emerged?

700,000