AP Psych Neurons and Neurotransmitters notes and flashcards

Acetylcholine

muscle movement, attention, arousal and memory

Dopamine

voluntary movement, learning, memory, emotion

Serotonin

sleep, wakefulness, appetite, mood, aggression, impulsivity, and sensory perception

Endorphins

pain relief and pleasure

Norepinephrine

mobilize the brain and body for action

GABA

  main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

Glutamate

main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain involved in learning and memory

Afferent neurons

sensory neurons

Efferent neurons

Motor neurons

Sensory neurons

Neurons that travel from the body to the brain

Motor neurons

Neurons that travel from the brain to the body

Interneurons

Connects the sensory and motor neurons located in the brain and spinal cord

4 types of neurons

Interneurons, mirror neurons, motor neurons and sensory neurons

Deficiency of Acetylcholine

Alzheimer’s disease

Excess of dopamine

Schizophrenia

Deficiency of dopamine

Parkinson’s

Excess of serotonin

Bipolar disorder

Deficiency of serotonin

Depression and OCD

Deficiency of Norepinephrine

Depression, anxiety and problems sleeping

Excess of GABA

Can lead to hypersomnia

Deficiency of GABA

Anxiety and epilepsy

Excess of Glutamate

Multiple sclerosis, too much acetylcholine’s, high levels of anxiety, fear or insomnia

Deficiency of Glutamate

Psychosis, coma and death

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?

Acetylcholine

Which of the following neurotransmitters is
most closely associated with schizophrenia?

Dopamine

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by

AFFERENT neurons

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary’s perseverance in the program is that exercise

Increases endorphins