AP Human Agriculture and Industry Quizzes

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture), ________ of which were classified as found in MDCs and ________ as found in LDCs.

1. 1; 10

2. 8; 11

3. 6; 5

4. 11; 1

5. 10; 1

3.6; 5

Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?

1. mechanized

2. plantation

3. Mediterranean

4. truck farming

5. commercial gardening

2.plantation

Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people?

1. pastoral nomadism

2. shifting cultivation

3. hunting and gathering

4. plantation

5. intensive subsistence

5.intensive subsistence

Compared to shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by which of the following?

1. greater use of animal power

2. lower population densities

3. more diversified cropping

4. greater use of land in rainforests

5. smaller farms

1.greater use of animal power

The most important reason why most farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice is

1. harvesting wet rice requires expensive machinery.

2. tradition.

3. cultural preference.

4. soil.

5. climate.

5.climate.

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is

1. practiced mostly in the tropics.

2. transhumance.

3. transnomadism.

4. pastoral nomadism.

5. livestock ranching.

2.transhumance.

The decline in the number of farmers in MDCs can best be described as a consequence of

1. urban sprawl, including the development of rings of suburbs and exurbs around major metropolitan areas, which required larger amounts of farm production.

2. push/pull economic factors, including the lack of opportunity in rural areas and higher-paying jobs in urban areas.

3. the spread of disease and starvation in rural areas, which quickly reduced the populations of farmers.

4. the increase of populations in urban areas and the reduced population in rural areas.

5. push/pull economic factors, including greater opportunities in rural areas and lower-paying jobs in urban areas.

2.push/pull economic factors, including the lack of opportunity in rural areas and higher-paying jobs in urban areas.

Mixing crops and livestock allows farmers to

1. generate 90 percent of their income from the sale of livestock.

2. doublecrop.

3. create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization.

4. distribute the workload of the crops and livestock so that farmers hardly need to work during the summer season.

5. circumvent market forces that determine the prices of livestock and crops.

3.create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization.

Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of agriculture?

1. grain

2. pastoral nomadism

3. dairying

4. shifting cultivation

5. Mediterranean agriculture

2.pastoral nomadism

Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture?

1. grapes

2. fruits

3. olives

4. butter

5. cereals

4.butter

Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share which of the following problems?

1. access to fertilizers

2. the declining importance of world markets

3. inadequate income

4. lack of equipment

5. surplus production

3.inadequate income

The primary factor in von Thünen's model for choosing commercial farm products is

1. climate.

2. soil character.

3. market location.

4. land price.

5. labor cost.

3.market location.

Which of the following is not a strategy for increasing food supply?

1. identifying new food sources

2. ensuring sustainable land productivity for future generations

3. increasing tariffs on grain exports

4. expanding arable land area

5. increasing exports of surplus production

3.increasing tariffs on grain exports

The best way to block Asian carp from moving into the Great Lakes from the Illinois River would be the closing of locks and dams in and near Chicago; however, these waterways are not being closed because

1. too many Asian carp are already clogging the locks and dams and cannot be removed.

2. as major transportation links for the region, they are important for the economy of St. Louis.

3. Republicans in the U.S. Congress are concerned about taxes on the rich.

4. the economies of neighboring states depend on the Chicago-area locks and dams.

5. as major transportation links for the region, they are important for Chicago's economy.

5.as major transportation links for the region, they are important for Chicago's economy.

In Maryland, soil preservationists produced a new composite map by combining in their GIS

1. maps on soil quality and proximity to market.

2. dry harvest climate, wet harvest climate, climate change, and soil maps.

3. maps on habitat for endangered species.

4. soil quality, environmental, and economic maps.

5. soil quality, environmental, and political maps.

4.soil quality, environmental, and economic maps.

Which of the following is NOT a government policy to improve the financial position of U.S. farmers?

1. encouragement of planting fallow crops

2. government purchase of surplus production

3. U.S. Public Law 480

4. encouragement to avoid production of crops in excess supply

5. government financing with commodity prices are low

3.U.S. Public Law 480

A major practice of sustainable agriculture is

1. an increased "green revolution" use of chemicals.

2. the lack of integration of crops and livestock.

3. limited use of chemicals.

4. agribusiness.

5. use of pesticide resistant seed.

3.limited use of chemicals.

The threat of famine is most persistent in which region of the globe?

1. Horn of Africa and the Sahel

2. Congo River Basin

3. South Asia

4. Southeast Asia

5. Central America

1.Horn of Africa and the Sahel

Record food prices, according to the UN, are attributed to all but which of the following?

1. increased demand

2. crops used for biofuels rather than human consumption

3. poor weather in major crop growing regions

4. failure of NAFTA to address agriculture subsidies

5. smaller growth in productivity

4.failure of NAFTA to address agriculture subsidies

Prime agricultural land in the United States is being replaced with

1. grazing land use.

2. oil drilling.

3. military bases.

4. urban land uses.

5. nature preserves.

4.urban land uses.

The Industrial Revolution began in

1. Russia.

2. Japan.

3. Great Britain.

4. the United States.

5. the Fertile Crescent.

3.Great Britain.

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was geographically

1. concentrated.

2. dispersed.

3. clustered.

4. random.

5. nonexistent.

2.dispersed.

Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all but which of the following?

1. the Rhine-Ruhr valley

2. Portugal and western Spain

3. the United Kingdom

4. the Mid-Rhine

5. Northern Italy

2.Portugal and western Spain

Which country is NOT among the four countries that produce 50 percent of the world's industrial output?

1. the United States

2. Great Britain

3. Japan

4. China

5. Germany

2.Great Britain

East Asia's industrial areas

1. in China emerged as a result of World War II financing.

2. emerged based on oil production.

3. developed based on primary agriculture economies.

4. developed based largely on export-oriented manufacturing of electronics.

5. are evenly distributed throughout the Koreas.

4.developed based largely on export-oriented manufacturing of electronics.

The classic model of industrial location theory suggests that the primary consideration in the location of an industrial site is which of the following?

1. The cost to produce the product

2. The cost of raw materials

3. The institutional structure of the firm

4. The location of the market

5. The cost of transportation

5.The cost of transportation

The reason for the concentration of copper smelters, refineries, and foundries close to Arizona's copper mines is that copper pro­duction is

1. attracted to low-cost migrant labor

2. a bulk-reducing industry

3. oriented to the large Southern California market

4. a bulk-gaining industry

5. dependent on dry climate conditions

2.a bulk-reducing industry

Which of the following industries will most likely locate closest to its raw material sources?

1. Soft-drink bottling

2. Automobile assembly

3. Nickel smelting

4. Baking

5. Brewing

3.Nickel smelting

Environmental laws, labor availability, and access to markets are major factors affecting which of the following?

1. Political affiliation

2. Transportation costs

3. Manufacturing locations

4. Gross domestic product

5. Property tax rates

3.Manufacturing locations

Which of the following is an advantage for Japanese corporations that locate their manufacturing plants in the United States?

1. Freedom from Japan’s overprotected distribution networks

2. The better-educated labor force in the United States 

3. Less competition in the United States than in most other countries

4. A wider variety of climate conditions in the United States

5. Lower transportation costs and greater access to markets

5.Lower transportation costs and greater access to markets

If a manufacturing company uses a single, weight-losing raw material to manufacture its finished product, then most likely the company will

1. agglomerate close to similar factories

2. choose to outsource its labor component

3. locate several manufacturing plants close to consumers

4. use a ubiquitous raw material

5. locate its manufacturing plant at the raw material site

5.locate its manufacturing plant at the raw material site

Many companies moved their operations from New England and the Midwest to locations in the South because

1. the southerly climate was an environmental push factor

2. the South had more advantageous relative locations

3. southern culture was a social pull factor

4. the South had less expensive site factors than northern regions

5. southern regions had better access to deep water ports

4.the South had less expensive site factors than northern regions

BRIC countries represent

1. a potential dominant industrial bloc if they work together.

2. the world's most significant technical labor source.

3. countries committed to green, sustainable economic development.

4. a political alliance to ensure reduced dependency on the European Union.

5. the world's nuclear powers.

1.a potential dominant industrial bloc if they work together.

The high-tech firms of Silicon Valley in California are clustered together to take advantage of

1. agglomeration effects

2. high-speed transportation

3. access to markets

4. cheap labor

5. economies of scale

1.agglomeration effects

What two location factors influence more industries to remain in the northeastern United States and northwestern Europe?

1. fluid capital and advantageous tariffs

2. skilled labor and rapid delivery to market

3. global communications and fluid capital

4. cheap labor and high consumer demand

5. availability of raw materials and cheap energy

2.skilled labor and rapid delivery to market

Maintaining control over all phases of a highly complex production process, as opposed to outsourcing, is known as

1. convergence.

2. outsourcing.

3. vertical integration.

4. the new international division of labor.

5. right-to-work.

3.vertical integration.

Mexico's maquiladora plants

1. employ more than five million laborers.

2. have an advantage of proximity to Latin American markets.

3. must operate far from the U.S.-Mexico border.

4. have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets.

5. have grown in number as factories have been closed in China.

4.have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets.

Twenty-three U.S. states have so-called "right-to-work" laws that

1. are more numerous and anti-union in northern states than in southern states.

2. cause a great deal of trouble for labor unions attempting to organize workers and bargain with employers.

3. make it much more difficult for employers to limit wages, cut health benefits, and stop unions from forming.

4. send a powerful signal to employers that workers have the right to join a labor union, whether or not this unionization might cause inconveniences for management.

5. fight the efforts of factory management to break unions and keep future unions from forming.

2.cause a great deal of trouble for labor unions attempting to organize workers and bargain with employers.

Free-trade zones such as the countries of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are established to increase the ease and volume of international trade by

1. offering large economic-development loans to poorer member states

2. opening borders to migrant guest workers from member states

3. eliminating tariffs on goods that cross borders between member states

4. increasing diplomatic relations between member states

5. establishing a common monetary unit among member states

3.eliminating tariffs on goods that cross borders between member states

Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrialization of regions like the English Midlands and the North American Manufacturing Belt?

1. The formation of free trade associations

2. The decline of labor unions

3. The increased percentage of women in the labor force

4. Competition from foreign imports

5. Environmental legislation

4.Competition from foreign imports

Contemporary manufacturing is characterized by

1. spatial disaggregation of the production process

2. production facilities that are generally located as close as possible to the sites of raw material production

3. strong unions and localized involvement in all facets of the production process

4. reliance on highly skilled labor at all phases of the production process

5. production facilities located close to railroads

1.spatial disaggregation of the production process

As indicated on this map, the world leaders in blouse production include the United States, China,

1. Russia, South Africa, and Australia.

2. Pakistan, and India.

3. Egypt, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey.

4. Mexico, South Africa, and Australia.

5. Egypt, Spain, and Brazil.

5.Egypt, Spain, and Brazil.

The only step of the copper production process that is not significantly bulk-reducing is

1. refining.

2. concentration.

3. mining.

4. smelting.

5. ore extraction.

1.refining.

A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a

1. bulk-reducing industry.

2. perishable industry.

3. bulk-gaining industry.

4. specialized manufacturer.

5. fabrication concentration point.

1.bulk-reducing industry.

The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the nineteenth century primarily because of better access to

1. coal.

2. Iron ore.

3. labor.

4. transport.

5. markets.

2.Iron ore.

Because the motor vehicle assembly industry is typically described as a bulk-gaining industry as well as a just-in-time delivery system, the most important factor when selecting a location for a new Toyota or Honda assembly plant in the United States was

1. minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to its customers.

2. minimizing the cost of shipping inputs and outputs in relation to customers.

3. maximizing delivery time to customers.

4. the location of railroads.

5. the location of waterways.

1.minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to its customers.

Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations because of access to

1. government subsidies.

2. unskilled labor.

3. markets.

4. raw materials.

5. fluid capital.

3.markets.

A company which uses more than one __ will often locate near break-of-bulk points.

1. mode of transport

2. consumer market

3. raw material

4. type of labor

5. energy supply

1.mode of transport

Although transportation costs rise because breaks in transportation, we can surmise that over very long distances the lowest-cost form of transporting goods is by

1. truck.

2. train.

3. ship.

4. airplane.

5. rocket.

3.ship.

An analysis of this map of the copper industry in the United States indicates that

1. New Mexico has more foundries than Texas.

2. more copper is mined in Utah than in Arizona, Nevada, and Montana.

3. the largest numbers of foundries are in California, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.

4. the largest numbers of foundries are in California, Illinois, Arizona, Texas, Florida, and Oregon.

5. the largest numbers of foundries are in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Montana.

3. the largest numbers of foundries are in California, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.

Beer bottling is an example of a

1. perishable industry.

2. specialized industry.

3. bulk-gaining industry.

4. communications-oriented industry.

5. labor intensive industry.

3.bulk-gaining industry.

The shift in steel production locations in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century can best be described as

1. starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up on the East and West coasts, as well as the Chicago area.

2. starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the East and West coasts before moving to the South and Southeast.

3. starting on the East and West coasts and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up in the Pittsburgh area, as indicated by the football team called the Pittsburgh Steelers.

4. starting on the East and West coasts and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending in the Midwest.

5. starting in the Midwest and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending up on the East and West coasts.

1.starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up on the East and West coasts, as well as the Chicago area.

According to this map of cotton yarn production, after China, India, and Pakistan the world leaders in yarn production include

1. Argentina, Russia, and Australia.

2. Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Egypt, the United States, Turkey, Russia, and Australia.

3. Egypt, France, Germany, Belgium, and Poland.

4. Argentina, the United States, Iraq, Iran, and Russia.

5. Argentina, the United States, Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Russia.

5.Argentina, the United States, Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Russia.

Metal fabrication plants are an example of a bulk-gaining industry because

1. the mills are near the mines.

2. separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products.

3. refineries import most material from other countries.

4. parts suppliers package shipments in bulk containers for processing in the plants.

5. parts suppliers supply components with just-in-time management.

2.separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products.

Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to

1. avoid skilled laborers.

2. minimize production costs inside the plant.

3. minimize transport costs.

4. identify unique characteristics of a particular industry.

5. utilize a new technology.

3.minimize transport costs.

Producers of automobiles select assembly plant locations primarily for their closer access to

1. government subsidies.

2. labor markets.

3. markets for finished automobiles.

4. raw materials.

5. water transportation.

3.markets for finished automobiles.