Fundamentals of Nutrition Final Exam Review

what element is found in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates or fats?

nitrogen

what population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?

newborns

hydrogenation is a commercial process whereby ____________

unsaturated fats become saturated

which of these is NOT a way fatty acids can differ?

elements of which they are composed

as far as is known, vitamin A does NOT play a role in which of the following processes?

blood clotting

a diet low in protein and in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?

niacin

which of the following minerals is present in highest quantities in soft water?

sodium

which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

roasted turkey

persons with PKU should avoid which of the following sugar alternative?

aspartame

how much energy is required to raise the temperature of one liter of water 1 degree celsius?

1 kilocalorie

what nutrient is important for the athlete because it helps the transport of oxygen in the blood?

iron

in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes?

abdomen

which of the following is least likely to aggravate an existing ulcer?

raw carrots

what is the difference between satiation and satiety?

satiation occurs during a meal; satiety occurs after a meal

what is the appropriate water intake for a 65 kg adult with an energy expenditure of 2500 kcalories/day?

2500-3250 cc/day

what does a BMI of 25-29.9 indicate?

the person is overweight

what role does the esophagus play in the digestive process?

transport of a bolus from the pharynx to the stomach

which of the following vitamins aids in the absorption of iron?

vitamin C

among other things, a pregnant woman needs ___________

4 glasses of milk per day

there is evidence for benefits of vitamin E supplements in which of the following groups?

premature infants

which of the following is NOT included in the measurement of basal metabolic rate?

large muscle activity

true or false: breast milk may be pumped and safely refrigerated for at least 48 hours

true

which of the following is an early stage of vitamin C deficiency?

bleeding gums

beriberi is caused by a deficiency of ________

thiamin

which of the following would be at LEAST risk of vitamin D deficiency?

outdoor farm workers

the American Heart Association and other health agencies advocate the limiting of dietary fat intake to no more than about _________%

30

which of the following would be the poorest source of vitamin C?

whole grains

the traditional guidelines for the recommended sequence for introduction of baby foods to an infant is

cereal, vegetables, fruits, and meats

what is the primary action of benzocaine, found in certain candy and gum and used as an over-the-counter weight loss aid?

it reduces taste sensations

the contents of the GI tract are moved along by the process of _______

peristalsis

which of the following is generally NOT associated with regular program of physical fitness?

lowering of bone density

one teaspoon of FAT weighs approximately _______ grams and provides about ______ kcalories

5, 45

when the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin?

tryptophan

the major hormone that affects basal metabolic rate is _____

thyroxin

which of the following is TRUE regarding cholesterol?

it is a precursor to vitamin D and sex hormones

an infant should begin eating strained solid foods between:

4 and 6 months

during lower intensity activity, muscle cells may use a greater percentage of ____ as fuel

fat

vitamin A supplements would be most helpful in treating

night blindness

a mineral that may contribute to high blood pressure is _______, while a mineral that protects against high blood pressure is ______

sodium, potassium

which of the physical activity recommendations is specifically mentioned by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines?

all of the above

which of the following is generally NOT associated with a regular program of physical fitness?

lowering bone density

which of these would be the BEST choice for fluid replacement for a noncompetitive, everyday active person?

water

which of the following are proteins that inactivate foreign bacteria and viruses?

antibodies

if a serving of plums contains 1.8 mg of niacin and the RDA for niacin is 13 mg. what is the percent RDA met for this nutrient?

14%

vitamin B12 requires an ______ for absorption from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream.

intrinsic factor

which of the following is a common measure of protein quality?

biological value

the known potential dangers of taking vitamin supplements include all of the following EXCEPT

pathologenic bacterial overgrowth of the large intestines leading to increased risk of infection

what are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?

fibers

which of the following is a proven ergogenic aid for the athlete?

none of these

what term is given to a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis?

female athlete triad

energy needs during middle pregnancy increase by about:

300 kcalories/day

according to the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans, alcohol should be

totally avoided by some persons

which of the following is the most nutrient dense relative to calcium content?

skim milk

among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body water?

children

gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?

fats

to protect the riboflavin content of milk it should be stored in

cardboard containers

what is the function of the bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas?

to neutralize the acidity of chyme thereby protecting the small intestine from the action of stomach acid

what vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?

pathothenic acid

which of the following poses the greatest health risk when consumed in large amounts?

vitamin A and D supplements

to help prevent neural tube defects, grain products are now fortified with ______

folate

athletes can safely add muscle tissue by

putting a demand on muscles making them work harder

greeks, Italians, and spaniards rely heavily on olive oil which is ________

monounsaturated

true or false: the AAP recommends "exclusive breastfeeding" until 6 months of age

true

which of the following is false about a pre-game meal?

it should be high in protein

a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a _______

triglyceride

which of the following is a possible consequence of excess protein intake in either animals or humans?

increased size of liver and/or kidneys

the complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle is _____

glycogen

the omega 3 fatty acids ________

inhibit blood clotting

which of the following is a general feature of the sugar alcohols?

they inhibit the growth of caries-causing bacteria

which of these contains a protein that inhibits the absorption of biotin?

raw egg whites

which of the following represents the usual sequence in the development of a nutrient deficiency resulting from in adequate intake?

declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, overt signs

after consuming a very large meal, the desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake is an example of behavior known as _______

appetite

which of the following nutrients functions to prevent appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?

niacin

which of the following is NOT a desirable level for a blood lipid?

triglycerides under 300 mg/dl

which of these strategies is NOT a healthy option for an overweight woman?

follow a weight loss diet during pregnancy

cooking food in a liberal amount of water would have the LEAST likely effect the vitamin content of ____

vitamin A

a diet low in protein and which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?

niacin

although dairy products are probably the best source of dietary calcium in the American diet, the following foods are considered "good" sources:

green vegetables

which of the following is characteristics of the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa?

bingeing typically occurs after a period of struct dieting

salt-sensitive population groups include all of the following EXCEPT

caucasians

epidemiological studies _________

investigate the incidence and distribution of diseases

a low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of

high-density lipoproteins

according to most dietary guidelines, what percentage of the day's total energy intake should be furnished by total carbohydrates?

50-60

which of these is a plausible explanation for males having higher BMR than females?

males have a higher proportion of lean body mass

which of these is a characteristic of a chromium deficiency?

diabetes-like symptoms

which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition?

high doses may lower blood cholesterol

which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?

vegetable oil

sulfur is presen tin practically all

proteins

the vitamin that protects against neural tube defects is

folate

toddlers who drinks milk to the exclusion of other foods is at risk for developing ______

anemia

information that must lawfully be provided on food labels includes all of the following EXCEPT

the amount of recommended for ingestion each day

which of these is the highest in saturated fat content?

coconut oil

what is the normal pH of the stomach?

1.5-1.7

the AAP suggests that an infant should begin eating strained solid foods at around ______ of age

6 months

which of the following is a feature of the basal metabolism (BMR)?

pregnancy increases the BMR

which of the following body organs does NOT secrete digestive enzymes?

liver

to prevent heartburn, meals of the pregnant woman should be

smaller and more frequent to decrease stomach contents

the complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle is _______

glycogen

which of the following animal-derived proteins is classified as an incomplete protein?

gelatin

energy needs during the second and third trimesters pregnancy increase by about:

300-400 kcalories/day