Phylums and Classes

Only Asymmetrical Phyum

Porifera

Radial Symmetry

Cnidaria, Echinodermata

Hydrostatic Skeleton

Cnidaria, Annelida

Phylum with lack of skeleton

Platyhelminthes

Endoskeleton of calcium plates

Echinodermata, Chordata

\-Glass sponges

\-Demosponges

\-Calcareous sponge

Porifera

\-Sea anemone

\-Medusozoa

\-Box jellyfish

Cnidaria

\-Tapeworms

\-Turbellaria

\-Monogenea

Platyhelminthes

\-Enoplea

\-Ascaridia

\-Oxyurida

Nematoda

\-Polychaete

\-Earthworm

\-Leech

Annelida

\-Gastropods

\-Cephalopod

\-Octopus

\-Squid

\-Cuttlefishes

\-Bivalvia

\-Snails

\-Crabs

Mollusca

\-Crustacean (Crabs and Lobsters)

\-Insects

\-Arachnid (Spiders)

\-Centipede

\-Millipede

Arthropada

\-Star Fish

\-Sea Cucumber

\-Sea Urchins

Echindermata

\-Vertebrate

\-Amphibian

\-Mammal

\-Reptiles

\-Birds

Chordata

Porifera

\- Porifera means “pore-bearing”

\-Known as “simplest animals”

\-Cells not organized into tissues

Cnidaria

\-Cnidaria means “stinging nettles”

\-Stinging cells are called “nematocysts”

\-Some can alternate between jellyfish/anemones

\-Only one body opening

Platyhelminthes

\-Simplest worm group

\-Simple digestive system, only one body opening

\-More than half are parasitic

Nematoda

\-Digestive system with openings at both ends

\-Have adapted to all ecosystems

\-Many parasitic

Annelida

\-Segmented body

\-Closed circulatory system

\-Simple gut

\-Can be predators, decomposers, or scavengers

Mollusca

\-Tissue called “mantle” covers body organs

\-Well developed nervous system

\-Specialized foot called “pseudopod”

\-Most have a shell inside or outside

\-Bivalves (clams/oysters), -Cephalopods, (squid/octopus)Gastropods (snails)

Arthropoda

\-Largest phylum

\-Jointed limbs

\-Segmented bodies

\-Crustaceans (crabs/lobsters), Insects, Arachnids (spiders)

Echinodermata

\-Echino = “spiny”

\-Derm = “skin”

\-Covered in spines

\-Can regenerate body parts

Chordata

\-All vertebrates are in this phylum, but there are a few invertebrates

\-Most also have the following: four limbs, aerobic respiration, get rid of waste via kidneys, and reproduce sexually.

Exoskeleton

Arthropoda

Aquatic-Lives in water

Fish, Amphibians

Terrestrial-Lives on land

Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

Ectothermic

Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles

Endothermic

Birds, mammals

\-Guppy

\-Siamese Fighting Fish

\-Goldfish

\-Blobfish

Fish

\-Salamanders

\-Frogs

\-Caecilians

Amphibians

\-Lizards

\-Snakes

\-Turtles

Reptiles

\-Owls

\-Cranes

\-Swifts

Birds

\-Carnivores

\-Omnivores

\-Elephants

\-Humans

Mammals

Bony Scales

Fish has this

Moist Skin

Amphibians have this

Tough Scales made of keratin

Reptiles have this

Feathers

Birds have this

Fur/hair

Mammals have this

Swim bladders help them stay afloat under water

Fish has this quality

Larval state in water, adult state on land

Amphibians have this quality

Simple teeth

Reptiles have this quality

Wings, beaks, most can fly

Birds have this quality

Feed young with milk from mammary glands

Mammals have this quality

Which phylum(s) are non-vascular

Bryophytes

Which phylum(s) are vascular without seeds

Pteridophytes

Which phylum(s) are vascular with seeds

Gymnosperms, Angiosperms

\
* **Moss**
* **Hornwort**
* **Liverwort**

These are bryophytes

\
* **Ferns**
* **Horsetails**
* **Club Moss**

These are pteridophytes

\
* **Conifers** (evergreens)
* **Gingkos**
* **Cycads**
* **Gnetophytes**

These are gymnosperms

\
* Dandelions
* Cacti
* Oak Trees
* Peanuts, etc.

Angiosperms

Bryophytes

* These plants do not get **water** and **food** through vascular tissue (Xylem, Phloem) **(**Instead use **diffusion** and **Osmosis)** 
* Live in **damp** places only
* No **roots. (**Instead have **rhizoids**, to hold them in place**)**

Reproduce using **spores** (reproductive cells)

Pteridophytes

* These plants **water** and **food** through vascular tissue (Xylem, Phloem) 
* Have underground stems called **rhizomes**
* Reproduce using **spores**

Live in **damp** environments

Gymnosperms

\
* Reproduce using **pollen** (lots!)
* Seeds are not protected by **fruit.** (Instead **cones** protect seeds)
* Male and female **cones**

Angiosperms

* Found in **all** environments
* Produce seeds inside  **fruit**
* Reproduce by pollination (depend on **wind** and **animals**)

2 Classes: **Monocot** and **Dicot**