IB Chem 2 SL Unit 1

parent chain

longest carbon chain

meth

1 carbon

eth

2 carbons

prop

3 carbons

but

4 carbons

pent

5 carbons

hex

6 carbons

hept

7 carbons

oct

8 carbons

non

9 carbons

dec

10 carbons

alkane

carbon-carbon single bonds

alkene

carbon-carbon double bonds

alkyne

carbon-carbon triple cond

-yl-

branches

di

2 branches

tri

3 branches

tetra

4 branches

isomer

molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures

homologous series

organic compounds in the same functional group but different by a repeating methylene group (CH2)

distillation

separates liqiud compounds by evaporation and condensation to get the mixtures by themselves using boiling point.

exothermic process

releases significant thermal energy often used to produce steam

complete combustion

occurs when there is ample oxygen reaction creates CO2 and H2O

incomplete combustion

occurs when oxygen is limited and produces CO less energy released

bioethanol

alcohol-based fuel produced from sugars and starches

transesterification

animal fat is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of a strong base catalyst