APUSH Period 7 (Part 1) Terms

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new Manifest Destiny

A 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

A book by Alfred Thayer Mahan that argued that naval power was essential for national greatness.

annexation of Hawaii

The process by which the United States took control of the Hawaiian Islands in 1898.

yellow journalism

Journalism that exaggerates or fabricates news to attract readers, often associated with the Spanish-American War.

Spanish-American War

A conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, resulting in the U.S. acquiring territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.

Teller Amendment

A provision that stated the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

The agreement that ended the Spanish-American War, resulting in Spain ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the U.S.

Platt Amendment

An amendment that allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs and established Guantanamo Bay as a naval base.

American Anti-Imperialist League

An organization formed to oppose the annexation of the Philippines and American imperialism.

Populist Party

A political party in the late 19th century that represented the interests of farmers and laborers.

muckraking

Journalism that exposes corruption and social injustices, particularly during the Progressive Era.

Ida Tarbell

A leading muckraker known for her investigative journalism on the Standard Oil Company.

The Octopus

A novel by Frank Norris that depicted the struggles of California wheat farmers against monopolistic railroads.

The Jungle

A novel by Upton Sinclair that exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

city manager

An official appointed to manage the day-to-day operations of a city government.

Initiative and referendum

Processes that allow citizens to propose legislation and vote on it directly.

recall

A procedure that allows voters to remove an elected official from office before the end of their term.

Seventeenth Amendment

An amendment that established the direct election of U.S. senators by popular vote.

New Departure

A political strategy used by some Democrats in the late 19th century to regain power after the Civil War.

Alice Paul

A suffragist and women's rights activist who played a key role in the fight for the Nineteenth Amendment.

Nineteenth Amendment

An amendment that granted women the right to vote in the United States.

settlement house

An institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community.

Eighteenth Amendment

An amendment that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Square Deal

President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program aimed at ensuring fairness for workers, consumers, and businesses.

Sherman Antitrust Act

A federal law passed in 1890 that aimed to prevent monopolies and promote competition.

Interstate Commerce Act

A law enacted in 1887 that regulated the railroad industry and required rates to be reasonable and just.

Pure Food and Drug Act

A law passed in 1906 to prevent the sale of adulterated or misbranded food and drugs.

Meat Inspection Act

A law passed in 1906 that mandated sanitary conditions in meatpacking plants.

US Forest Service

A federal agency responsible for managing national forests and grasslands.

Antiquities Act

A law passed in 1906 that allows the president to designate national monuments.

Mann-Elkins Act

A law passed in 1910 that expanded the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Election of 1812

The election in which James Madison was re-elected as President of the United States.

Bull Moose Party

A progressive political party formed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912.

New Nationalism

Theodore Roosevelt's political philosophy that emphasized strong government action to regulate the economy.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy that promoted limited government and free-market principles.

Sixteenth Amendment

An amendment that allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states.

Federal Reserve Act

A law passed in 1913 that created the Federal Reserve System to regulate the U.S. monetary policy.

Federal Trade Commission

An agency established in 1914 to promote consumer protection and eliminate harmful business practices.

Clayton Antitrust Act

A law passed in 1914 that strengthened antitrust laws and protected labor unions from being prosecuted.

Keating-Owen Act

A law passed in 1916 that prohibited the sale of goods produced by child labor.

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

A treaty that granted the U.S. control over the Panama Canal Zone.

Roosevelt Corollary

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. intervention in Latin America.

Dollar Diplomacy

A foreign policy that aimed to use economic power to achieve U.S. goals abroad.

sinking of the Lusitania

The sinking of a British ocean liner by a German U-boat in 1915, contributing to U.S. entry into World War I.

Zimmerman telegram

A secret diplomatic communication from Germany to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the U.S.

Selective Service Act

A law passed in 1917 that authorized the U.S. federal government to draft soldiers for World War I.

Creel Committee

A government agency created to influence public opinion during World War I through propaganda.

Sedition Act (1917)

A law that made it a crime to speak out against the government during World War I.

Schenck v. US

A Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of a socialist for distributing anti-draft pamphlets.

Fourteen Points

A statement of principles for peace proposed by President Woodrow Wilson to end World War I.

Article X

A provision in the League of Nations covenant that called for collective security among member nations.

Return to Normalcy

Warren G. Harding's campaign slogan that promised a return to pre-World War I life.

McNary-Haugen Bill

A proposed law aimed at raising the prices of agricultural products through government intervention.

The Birth of a Nation

A controversial film that depicted the American Civil War and Reconstruction from a racist perspective.

Scopes Trial

A 1925 legal case that tested the constitutionality of a Tennessee law prohibiting the teaching of evolution.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s centered in Harlem, celebrating African American art, literature, and music.

flappers

Young women in the 1920s who challenged traditional norms of behavior and dress.

Margaret Sanger

A birth control activist who founded the American Birth Control League.

hyphenated Americans

A term used to describe immigrants who identify with both their country of origin and the U.S.

Red Scare

A period of intense fear of communism and radical leftism in the United States after World War I.

Palmer Raids

A series of government actions in 1919-1920 aimed at arresting and deporting radical leftists.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Two Italian immigrants who were convicted of murder in a controversial trial, highlighting anti-immigrant sentiments.

Emergency Quota Act (1921)

A law that established immigration quotas based on national origins.

National Origins Act (1924)

A law that further restricted immigration by establishing a quota system based on the 1890 census.

Washington Arms Conference

A 1921-1922 conference aimed at disarmament and preventing naval arms races among major powers.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A 1928 international agreement that condemned war as a means of resolving disputes.

Dawes Plan

A plan to restructure Germany's reparations payments after World War I to stabilize its economy.