AP Hug Unit 3 Vocab

Flashcards for APHG Unit 3 Vocabulary

Culture

The customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or group.

Culture Trait

A single component of a culture; can be a belief, social form, material object, etc.

Architecture

The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.

Cultural Relativism

The principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from its own viewpoint, and avoiding judgment based on one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture.

Indigenous Culture

A culture native to a specific region.

Multiculturalism

The coexistence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviours, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles.

Taboo

A social or religious custom prohibiting or forbidding discussion of a particular practice or forbidding association with a particular person, place, or thing.

Folk

The expressive component of culture that involves traditions, beliefs, and knowledge of a culture.

Cultural Landscape

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape.

Linguistic

Pertaining to language.

Sequent Occupancy

The concept that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.

Traditional Architecture

Traditional buildings reflecting local materials and styles.

Postmodern Architecture

A style or movement in architecture that is a reaction against modernism.

Ethnicity

The state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.

Gender

The state of being male or female (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones).

Ethnic Neighborhood (Enclave)

An area within a city or region inhabited by a minority ethnic group.

Indigenous Community

A community of indigenous people living together.

Sense of Place

The feeling that an area has a unique character.

Placemaking

The process of investing a place with meaning and significance.

Centripetal Force

Forces that tend to bind a state together.

Centrifugal Force

Forces that tend to divide a state.

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination.

Contagious Diffusion

A form of diffusion in which nearly all adjacent individuals and places are affected.

Hierarchical Diffusion

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places.

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

Language Family

A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor.

Language Dialect

A regional variety of a language distinguished by features such as vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

Cultural Hearth

The area where an idea or cultural trait originates.

Indo-European Language Family

A large, widespread language family encompassing languages spoken primarily in Europe, Iran, and the northern parts of India.

Toponym

The name given to a place on Earth.

Universalizing Religion

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.

Christianity

A monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.

Islam

A monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad.

Buddhism

A religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on original teachings.

Sikhism

A monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent.

Ethnic Religion

A religion that is particular to one group of people.

Hinduism

A religion and dharma with a vast array of philosophies, beliefs and rituals.

Judaism

A monotheistic religion of the Jews.

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.

Acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

Assimilation

The process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group.

Syncretism

The blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait.

Creolization

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.

Lingua Franca

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.

Colonialism

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Trade

The action of buying and selling goods and services.

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements.

Globalization

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

Time-Space Convergence

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.

Cultural Convergence

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication.

Cultural Divergence

The tendency for cultures to become dissimilar over time.

Multiculturalism

The coexistence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviours, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles.