Metonymy
phrase that stands in for another larger idea Ex. "the crown" represents the British government
Hyperbole
purposeful exaggeration of a thing/idea helps emphasize impact/meaning
Understatement
purposeful downplaying of a thing/idea helps emphasize impact/meaning
Anaphora
repetition of the same word/phrase
Ellipsis (...)
engage audience and/or create suspense
Caesura
purposeful pause in writing (ex. line breaks, ellipses) shows foreshadowing or buildup to a climax
Invective
highly critical language meant to express blame and/or offend audience
Allusion
reference to a well-known idea/concept/work to prove a point connect to a sort of "common ancestor" to unite audience can be biblical, literary, historical, etc. helps with ethos/credibility of a piece
Anecdote
short story/experience used to convey a meaning/lesson that connects back to topic
Colloquial
casual/informal language allows the speaker to connect more with the audience uses collective voice vs. authoritative voice