Phonetics, Continued

Vowels

________ are always voiced, consonants can be voiced or voiceless.

Manner

________: how airflow at vocal tract is manipulated.

Uvular

________: dorsum of tongue raiss to make contact at uvula (q)

soft palate

Velar: dorsum of tongue raises to make contact at ________ (k, g)

Oral

________: air coming primarily through mouth (a, e)

velic port

Nasalized: ________ and mouth open.

Labiodental

________: lower lip and upper teeth (f, v)

Stops plosives

________: moving articulator makes a temporary seal of airflow.

Nasal

________: velic port is open and mouth is closed.

Dental

________: tongue tip touches front teeth (t)

Fricatives

________: narrow constricting of air flow in oral cavity.

Retroflexion

________: underside of tongue is facing hard palate.

Pharyngeal

________: tongue root retracts toward the oropharynx ®.

Larynx

________ composed of several cartilages.

Air flow

________ is directly related to loudness.

Air flow

________ is critical for understanding articulation (VPM)

oral

air coming primarily through mouth (a, e)

nasal

velic port is open and mouth is closed

nasalized

velic port and mouth open

voicing

action of air flow at larynx

place

action of air flow at velic tract

bilabial

both lips (p, b)

labiodental

lower lip and upper teeth (f, v)

dental

tongue tip touches front teeth (t)

alveolar

tongue tip touches alveolar ridge

post-alveolar

tongue body is curved back to touch rear of alveolar ridge

retroflexion

underside of tongue is facing hard palate

palatal

body of tongue, not tip (yellow)

velar

dorsum of tongue raises to make contact at soft palate (k, g)

uvular

dorsum of tongue raiss to make contact at uvula (q)

pharyngeal

tongue root retracts toward the oropharynx ®

glottal

vocal folds at larynx (british ‘bottle)

manner

how airflow at vocal tract is manipulated

stops / plosives

moving articulator makes a temporary seal of airflow

fricatives

narrow constricting of air flow in oral cavity

approximates

mildly impedes airflow, but not enough to create turbulence (r, j, w)

central approximate

tongue remains in normal axis

lateral

sides of the tongue (lamina) fold in