Chapter 2 Vocab.

Photosynthesis

process by which most plants, some protists, and many type of bacteria make their own food

Cell Membrane

protective outer coving of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment

Cytoplasm

constantly moving gel

Cell Wall

rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria

Organelle

structure in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that can act as a storage cite, processes energy, move materials, or manufacture substances

Nucleus

organelle that controls all of the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA; positively charged, central part of an atom

Choroplast

green, chlorophyll

Mitochondrion

cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy

Ribosome

small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins

Endoplasmic Rectilium

cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell that is made up of a complex series of folded membranes; cand be rough (with attached ribosomes) or smooth (without attached ribosomes)

Golgi Body

organelle that packages cellular materials and transports them within the cell or out of the cell

Tissue

group of similar cells that work together to do one job

Organ

structure, such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together

Magnify

to increase the size of something

Cell Theory

states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells

Disease

a condition that results from the disruption of one or more of an organism’s normal processes

Virus

a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating

Host Cell

living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli

Vacuole

a membrane-bound space for temporary storage of materials; it can store waste, water, food, or other cellular materials

Lysosome

contains digestive chemicals that help breakdown food molecules, cell water, and worn-out cell parts