MODULE 8A: INTELLIGENCE AND ACHIEVEMENT- THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to theories of intelligence, including definitions, theories, tests, and the impact of gender and socioeconomic factors.

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experiences, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

General intelligence (g)

A concept proposed by Charles Spearman that represents a single underlying intelligence that encompasses various mental abilities.

Fluid intelligence (Gf)

The ability to reason speedily and abstractly, often seen to decrease with age.

Crystallized intelligence (Gc)

An accumulation of knowledge and verbal skills that tends to increase with age.

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory

A theory stating that our intelligence is based on a general ability factor as well as specific abilities, bridged by fluid and crystallized intelligence.

Gardner's multiple intelligences

A theory proposing eight relatively independent intelligences, including verbal and mathematical skills, that should be measured in plurality.

Savant syndrome

A condition in which a person with limited mental ability exhibits exceptional specific skills, such as in computation or drawing.

Sternberg's triarchic theory

A theory proposing three intelligences: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

Emotional intelligence

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Achievement tests

Tests designed to measure what a person has learned.

Aptitude tests

Tests designed to predict a person’s future performance.

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

A measure of intelligence derived from the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100.

Normal curve

A bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.

Flynn effect

The observed rise in intelligence test scores over time worldwide.

Stereotype threat

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

Growth mindset

The belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work.

Fixed mindset

The belief that intelligence and abilities are static and unchangeable.