Bio winter exam burns

photosynthesis

Where do autotrophs get their glucose for cellular respiration

food they eat

Where do heterotrophs get their glucose for cellular respiration

where do autotrophs get the CO2 they need for the Calvin Cycle

where do autotrophs get the CO2 they need for the Calvin Cycle

How does the water that is produced in cellular respiration get to the water-splitting enzyme in the light reactions of photosynthesis

absorbed by roots of plants

what part of cellular respiration does the oxygen that was produced in photosynthesis play a role?

final electron acceptor

why is oxygen important in cellular respiration

w/o it the etc would back up and cr would not be able to continue

how do photosynthesis and cellular respiration represent biochemical pathways

products of photosynthesis are reactants in cr

chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

chemical equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

compare the equation for cr (to that of photosynthesis

products are reactants/energy is created

in which organelle does photosynthesis occur

chloroplast

in which organelle does AEROBIC cellular respiration occur

mitochondria

in which organelle does ANAEROBIC respiration occur

cytoplasm

does photosynthesis occur in heterotrophs

no

where does photosynthesis occur in autotrophs

chloroplast

where does cellular respiration occur in autotrophs

cell membrane

where does cellular respiration occur in heterotrophs

mitochondria

why do autotrophs and heterotrophs need cellular respiration

energy for cell function

where does the glucose that is needed for cellular respiration come from

autotrophs/food you eat

where does the carbon dioxide for photosynthesis come from

air heterotrophs breathe out

in what part of the mitochondrion does the ETC occur

christae in the inner membrane

where does the krebs cycle occur

matrix of mitochondrion

where does glycolysis occur

cytoplasm

why are prokaryote cells less efficient at energy production than eukaryote cells?

occurs in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells bc they dont have a mitochondria

Explain why, even on a cold day, if I go for a run, I begin to sweat and pant (breathe heavily).

as a result of cr you produce water/you breathe faster to replace lost oxygen

Explain why athletes can sprint for short distances but cannot maintain this pace for long distances.

body begins to produce lactic acid (fermentation in muscle cells) does not produce as much atp

how is lactic acid produced

fermentation in muscle cells

What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?

laf occurs in animals/af occurs in plants and yeasts. laf produces lactic acid and af produces CO2

reactants of laf and af

pyruvate and NADH

products of laf

lactic acid

products of af

CO2

under what conditions will laf occur

lack of oxygen in cels

What type of organisms undergo alcoholic fermentation?

plants/yeast

What is a beneficial product we receive from either lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation?

fuel, bread, cheese

OIL RIG

oxidized is loosing reduced is gaining

electron leaves

oxidized

electron is accepted

reduced

where does the calvin cycle occur

stroma

what does the calvin cycle do

converts CO2 and H2O into usable molecules for the cell

what does the krebs cycle do

breaks down pyruvate into co2

first step in cellular respiration that begins by releasing energy stored in glucose

Glycolysis

carriers for energy and high energy electrons during glycolysis

NADH

if oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by

fermentation

the three-carbon molecule prduced during glycolysis

pyruvate

is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic

anaerobic

what high energy electron carrier is regenerated during fermentation allowing cells to continue to make atp by glycolysis

NAD+

How many ATP molecules are added to get glycolysis started?

2

since glycolysis produces 4 atp molecules, this is a net gain of how many atp

36

alcholic fermentation equation

pyruvic acid + NADH --> Alcohol + CO2 +NAD+

lactic acid fermentation equation

pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+

what kind of fermentation makes bread rise

alcoholic

what kind of fermentation do your muscles use when oxygen is low

lactic acid fermentation

what kind of fermentation makes beer and wine

yeast fermentation

what kind of fermentation makes yogurt cheese and sour cream

lactic acid

sequence of cellular respiration

glycolysis, krebs, etc

where do carbon atoms in the pyruvate end up after the krebs cycle

as CO2 in the atmosphere

if oxygen is present what will happen to the nadh produced in this reaction

electrons join etc

6 carbon molecule produced when acetyl coa joins 4 carbon molecule in krebs cycle

citric acid

high energy electron carrier produces fewer atp than nadh

water

as electrons passed down the electron transport chain hydrogen ions build up in ____

intermembrane space

what does the krebs cycle produce

NADH, FADH2, ATP

the passage of h+ ions through___ causes it to spin and produce atp

atp synthase

the carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up as____ in the atmosphere following the krebs cycle

CO2

what molecule reacts with pyruvic acid to release co2 produce nadh and acetyl-coa

coenzyme a

forms when coenzyme a attaches to two carbons from pyruvic acid

acetyl co a

storage form of glucose used by animal cells which can be broken down for energy when glucose is used up

glycogen

what is this

glycolysis

net atp of glycolysis

2

what is this

Krebs cycle

net atp krebs cycle

4

the ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions

homeostasis

what do viruses lack that prohibits them from being considered a living organism

cells

process where organisms take in nutrients- enabling them to produce energy

metabolism

study of living things

biology

well tested, supported explanation of a scientific question

scientific theory

if the magnification of an object is 400x, what is the magnification of the objective lens

40

magnification of an object is how many times larger than the mag of the objective lens

10x

what bonds hold water molecules together

hydrogen

what bond holds CO2 together

covalent

strongest bond

ionic

which type of bond holds metals and nonmetals together

ionic

what bond holds magnesium oxide together

ionic

bond between metals and nonmetals when electrons are shared

covalent

water sticks to other surfaces

adhesion

water can dissolve almost anything

solvent property

water takes a lot of energy to heat

high specific heat

water sticks to itself

cohesion

water has a slight charge

water has a slight charge

water reaches the tops of trees

capillarity

properties of living things

DNA, Growth, reproduction, Cells, Response to stimuli, Homeostasis Metabolism, Evolve

4 macromolecules important for cell function

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

what bonds dissaccharides

condensation

influence properties of organic compounds

functional groups

why is carbon versatile

Forms bonds with other carbon, forms bonds with many other elements, forms single, double, triple bonds

long term energy storage

lipid

transport/defense

protein

cushon/insulate

lipid

short term energy/structure

protein

enzymes

protein

purpose of 'R' in functional group

determines type of amino acid