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natural environment
living and non-living things that occur naturally on the earth
built environment
landscapes constructed by human beings
environmental problem
negative effects of human activities on the environment
environmental kuznets curve
model of the relationship between environmental problems and economic development
sustainable development
a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
degradation
decrease in size, quality and diversity of the natural landscape
pollution
introducing harmful substances into the environment
depletion
using natural resources more quickly than they are replenished
fragmentation
a natural landscape which is split, for example through large-scale infrastructure projects
wildlife crossings
a solution to fragmentation by connecting fragmented areas, e.g. by a bridge
low emission zones
an area in cities where older, more polluting cars are not allowed
overfishing
a form of depletion; more fish are caught than can be replenished
quota
a limit on how many resources or products can be taken or produced
reforestation
replanting trees
afforestation
planting new trees
insolation
incoming solar radiation – sunlight
intergovernmental panel on climate change
the international organisation which investigates climate change
greenhouse effect
the trapping of reflected insolation within the atmosphere due to the presence of greenhouse gases
greenhouse gases
gases which are very good at trapping radiation: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane
fossil fuels
coal, oil, and gas
enhanced greenhouse effect
an increase in the trapping capacity of the atmosphere, due to human activity
carbon cycle
model of stores and transfers of carbon throughout the earth’s system
thermal expansion
main contributor to sea level rise - the enlargement of (sea)water molecules as they get warmer
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