hon us test 2

Iroquois

group of Native Americans who lived in upstate New York

+ other lands, allied with the British in French and Indian War

George Washington

was put in command of evicting the French at Fort Duquesne, had to surrender which caused French and Indian War, took over after Braddock died and became a hero

Led the continental army

george washington

French and Indian War

war fought from 1754 to 1763 in which Britain and its colonies defeated France and its Native American allies, gaining control of eastern North America

Edward Braddock

served as a British commander in North America during the French and Indian War. In 1754, he came to Virginia to lead the British forces on the continent. During an attempted assault on Fort Duquesne, his forces were defeated, and the general was killed.

Pontiac's Rebellion

uprising in 1763 by Native Americans in the Great Lakes region

Proclamation of 1763

declaration by the British king ordering all colonists to remain east of the Appalachian Mountains

Benjamin Franklin

Wrote the Albany Plan of Union, became popular in France by presenting himself as a simple American who loved the French - leading American negotiator in Paris

Salutary neglect

a British policy in the early 1700s that allowed the colonies a virtual self-rule as long as Great Britain profited economically

Stamp Act

1765 law passed by Parliament that required colonists to pay taxes on printed materials

John Adams

one of the delegates at the First Continental Congress, decided that he already lived in a new country named America and believed that the Americans could unite to defeat the British

Patrick Henry

a young Virginian representative, drafted a radical document called the Virginia Resolves, argued that only the colonial assemblies had the right to tax the colonists

Sons of Liberty

organization of colonists formed in opposition to the Stamp Act and other British laws and taxes

Boston Massacre

incident on March 5, 1770, in which British soldiers killed five colonists in Boston

Boston Tea Party

protest against British taxes in which Bostonian protesters dumped tea into the harbor on December 16, 1773

Intolerable Acts

American name for the Coercive Acts, which Parliament passed in 1774 to control the colonies

First Continental Congress

group of delegates representing all the American colonies, except Georgia, that met in 1774

Paul Revere

Rode through MA warning people that the British were coming at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War.

Militia

trained citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency

Loyalists

colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the Revolutionary War

Continental Army

army that represented the colonies during the Revolutionary War

Thomas Paine

Wrote Common Sense

Republic

form of government in which officials are elected by the people

Declaration of Independence

document drawn up by the Second Continental Congress that announced American independence and the reasons for it

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Natural Rights

universal rights, such as life and liberty, that derive from nature rather than from the government, according to philosophers

William Howe

served as commander-in-chief of the British army from 1776 to 1778, during the Revolutionary War. Although he led British troops to victory in engagements including Bunker Hill, Brandywine, and Germantown, he resigned his command after failing to defeat General Washington's forces at Valley Forge.

Mercenary

professional soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army. many were german

Battle of Trenton

On Christmas night, Washington's soldiers began crossing the Deleware River. The next morning, they suprise attacked the British mercenaries which were Hessians, won by Continental Army

Charles Cornwallis

general who combated the Continental Army, won key victories in New Jersey and South Carolina, but was trapped with his forces at Yorktown in 1781, where he surrendered to General Washington

Marquis de Lafayette

French soldier who joined General Washington's staff and became a general in the Continental Army

Valley Forge

Location in Pennsylvania where Washington's army spent a difficult winter in 1777-1778

Kings Mountain

a 1780 Revolutionary War battle in South Carolina in which Patriots defeated a loyalist milita

Yorktown

site in Virginia where, in 1781, General Cornwallis's British forces surrendered to General Washington

Treaty of Paris

1783 peace treaty that ended the Revolutionary War and affirmed American independence

Manumission

the act of freeing someone from slavery

Why was England in debt and how did it seek to pay its debts in the 1760s and 1770s?

The efforts put into the French and Indian War caused immense debt for Britain, so they started putting acts into place on the colonies that imposed heavy taxes on them

What are 2 examples of each type of British oppression that impacted colonists on the road to revolution: financial and personal?

Financial: taxes on the colonists without proper representation, through acts such as Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, ect.

personal: quartering act, soldiers came into their homes without permission

Personal: Soldiers being sent to the colonies, Quartering Act made it so the colonists had to house them without their consent, tensions between the colonists and redcoats caused Boston Massacre

What were some key ideas detailed in the Declaration of Independence?

All men are created equal and are born with natural rights that can not be taken away by a government.

Give examples of American military strategy that helped them win the war.

Nathanael Green. He ground down the British forces during a series of stragetic retreats towards the Dan River. He was able to keep one step ahead of the British, and crossed the river Feburary 14th. The British, without boats, were unable to pursue. There Green met reinforcements, and on March 15th he recrossed with his army and tore the British apart.

Why was the Treaty of Paris significant?

ended revolutionary war september 3rd 1783