physio exam 4

organ involved in the renal system

kidneys

kidneys produce ____

waste (urine), hormones

kidneys regulate _____

pH, ions, osmolality

kidneys connect to the bladder with

ureters

UTI is caused by

backup of liquid in the ureters

function of the kidneys

filter blood

functional unit of the kidneys

nephron

juxta cortical nephron

shorter

juxta medullary nephron

longer

terminal section of nephron

Bowmans capsule

PCT

proximal convoluted tubule

dLOH

descending loop of Henle

aLOH

ascending loop of Henle

DCT

distal convoluted tubule

reabsorption

when molecules are moved out of the nephron into the blood vessel

secretion

molecules move from blood vessels into nephron

dLOH readsorbs _____

water

aLOH readsorbs _____

solutes (not water)

functions of the nephron

filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

make up JGA

macula densa cells, glomerular cells

function of JGA

measures what enters/exits capillary bed, signals for exchanges to be made

juxtaglomerular apparatus

feedback helps regulate GFR (blood pressure and filtration)

PCT reabsorbs _____ of fluid

70% /54 L

LOH reabsorbs ______ of fluid

18 L

excretion =

filtration- reabsorption +secretion

GFR

glomerular filtration rate

_____ and ______ are used to measure GFR

insulin and creatinine

micturition

excretion, body removing urine, a spinal reflex subject to higher brain control

hypoxia

too little oxygen

__________ determines metabolic CO2 production

cellular respiration

gases diffuse ____ concentration gradients

down

more than 98% of the oxygen in blood is bound to ______

hemoglobin

hemoglobin ______ oxygen transport

increases

the _____ regulates respiration rate

brain